Respiratory Anatomy-Edited

Question 1

Stem cells of pulmonary cells?

Answer 1

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 2

What does surfactant do?

Answer 2

decreases ??alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

Question 3

Which cell acts to produce a component in surfactant, degrade toxins; act as reserve cells?

Answer 3

Club/Clara Cells

Question 4

Surfactant is a mixture of?

Answer 4

lecithins

Question 5

Most important component of Surfactant

Answer 5

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 6

Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio greater than what shows lung maturity?

Answer 6

Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio > 2.0

Question 7

When does Surfactant synthesis begin?

Answer 7

At 26th week to 35 weeks

Question 8

What structures crosses through the diaphragm?

Answer 8

I (IVC) ate (8) ten (10) eggs (esophagus) at (aorta) twelve (12)

At T8: IVC
At T10: esophagus, vagus (CN 10; 2 trunks)
At T12: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white),
azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red,
white, and blue”)

Question 9

Diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 9

Phrenic

Question 10

Diaphragmatic irritation of C5 goes to?

Answer 10

Shoulder

Question 11

Diaphragmatic irritation of C3, C4 goes to?

Answer 11

Trapezius Ridge (back pain)

Question 12

IRV+TV=?

Answer 12

IC

Question 13

ERV+RV?

Answer 13

FRC?

Question 14

IRV+TV+ERV?

Answer 14

VC

Question 15

What is the remaining volume after maximal expiration?

Answer 15

RV

Question 16

What cannot be measured on spirometry?

Answer 16

RV

Question 17

Dead space formula?

Answer 17

Vt*(Paco2-Peco2/Paco2)

Taco, Paco, Peco, Paco

Question 18

What is the largest contributor of alveolar dead space?

Answer 18

Apex of healthy lung

Question 19

Minute Ventilation vs Alveolar Ventilation?

Answer 19

In both Vt*RR

Then in alveolar ventilation it is (Vt-Vd), subtract dead space

Question 20

Compliance is decreased in?

Answer 20

Fibrosis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema

Question 21

In emphysema patients, FRC is higher or lower?

Answer 21

Higher

Question 22

Fetal Hemoglobin has lower affinity for?

Answer 22

2,3 BPG

Question 23

In tissues the hemoglobin form is called? In the respiratory tract

Answer 23

Taut in Tissues (Deoxygenated)

Relaxed in Respiratory

Question 24

True vocal cords are what epithelium?

Answer 24

stratified squamous

Question 25

False vocal cords are what epithelium?

Answer 25

Ciliated psuedostratified

Question 26

Trachea to Beginning of Terminal Bronchioles, histology? What other two structures extend to this point?

Answer 26

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

1. Cilia
2. Smooth muscle cells

Question 27

Which Cells end at the end of the bronchi?

Answer 27

Cartilage and goblet cells

Question 28

Least airway resistance? Why?

Answer 28

Terminal bronchioles=>largest number in parallel

Question 29

In the respiratory zone, histology is?

Answer 29

simple cubodial

Question 30

If you aspirate a peanut while standing up it enters?

Answer 30

Lower portion of Right Inferior Lobe=>think gravity

Question 31

If you aspirate a peanut while lying flat it enters?

Answer 31

Superior portion of right inferior lobe

Question 32

What does RALS mean?

Answer 32

Right pul. artery is Anterior to bronchi

Left pul. artery is Superior to bronchi

Question 33

Thoracentesis should be performed at what levels of the rib in the midclavicular line, mid axillary line, paravertebral line?

The lung is located how many intercostal spaces above the pleural border?

Why do you not insert the needle in the inferior margin of the rib?

Answer 33

Midclavicular line: 5-7
Mid axillary line: 7-9
Paravertebral line: 9- 11

2 intercostal spaces above

You run the risk of striking the subcostal girl vascular bundle: in the inferior margin of the rib