Respiratory Anatomy-Edited Flashcards
Stem cells of pulmonary cells?
Type 2 pneumocytes
What does surfactant do?
decreases ??alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
Which cell acts to produce a component in surfactant, degrade toxins; act as reserve cells?
Club/Clara Cells
Surfactant is a mixture of?
lecithins
Most important component of Surfactant
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio greater than what shows lung maturity?
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio > 2.0
When does Surfactant synthesis begin?
At 26th week to 35 weeks
What structures crosses through the diaphragm?
I (IVC) ate (8) ten (10) eggs (esophagus) at (aorta) twelve (12)
At T8: IVC
At T10: esophagus, vagus (CN 10; 2 trunks)
At T12: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white),
azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red,
white, and blue”)
Diaphragm innervated by?
Phrenic
Diaphragmatic irritation of C5 goes to?
Shoulder
Diaphragmatic irritation of C3, C4 goes to?
Trapezius Ridge (back pain)
IRV+TV=?
IC
ERV+RV?
FRC?
IRV+TV+ERV?
VC
What is the remaining volume after maximal expiration?
RV
What cannot be measured on spirometry?
RV
Dead space formula?
Vt*(Paco2-Peco2/Paco2)
Taco, Paco, Peco, Paco
What is the largest contributor of alveolar dead space?
Apex of healthy lung
Minute Ventilation vs Alveolar Ventilation?
In both Vt*RR
Then in alveolar ventilation it is (Vt-Vd), subtract dead space
Compliance is decreased in?
Fibrosis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema
In emphysema patients, FRC is higher or lower?
Higher
Fetal Hemoglobin has lower affinity for?
2,3 BPG
In tissues the hemoglobin form is called? In the respiratory tract
Taut in Tissues (Deoxygenated)
Relaxed in Respiratory
True vocal cords are what epithelium?
stratified squamous