Respiratory Anatomy-Edited Flashcards
Stem cells of pulmonary cells?
Type 2 pneumocytes
What does surfactant do?
decreases ??alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
Which cell acts to produce a component in surfactant, degrade toxins; act as reserve cells?
Club/Clara Cells
Surfactant is a mixture of?
lecithins
Most important component of Surfactant
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio greater than what shows lung maturity?
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio > 2.0
When does Surfactant synthesis begin?
At 26th week to 35 weeks
What structures crosses through the diaphragm?
I (IVC) ate (8) ten (10) eggs (esophagus) at (aorta) twelve (12)
At T8: IVC
At T10: esophagus, vagus (CN 10; 2 trunks)
At T12: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white),
azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red,
white, and blue”)
Diaphragm innervated by?
Phrenic
Diaphragmatic irritation of C5 goes to?
Shoulder
Diaphragmatic irritation of C3, C4 goes to?
Trapezius Ridge (back pain)
IRV+TV=?
IC
ERV+RV?
FRC?
IRV+TV+ERV?
VC
What is the remaining volume after maximal expiration?
RV
What cannot be measured on spirometry?
RV
Dead space formula?
Vt*(Paco2-Peco2/Paco2)
Taco, Paco, Peco, Paco
What is the largest contributor of alveolar dead space?
Apex of healthy lung
Minute Ventilation vs Alveolar Ventilation?
In both Vt*RR
Then in alveolar ventilation it is (Vt-Vd), subtract dead space
Compliance is decreased in?
Fibrosis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema
In emphysema patients, FRC is higher or lower?
Higher
Fetal Hemoglobin has lower affinity for?
2,3 BPG
In tissues the hemoglobin form is called? In the respiratory tract
Taut in Tissues (Deoxygenated)
Relaxed in Respiratory
True vocal cords are what epithelium?
stratified squamous
False vocal cords are what epithelium?
Ciliated psuedostratified
Trachea to Beginning of Terminal Bronchioles, histology? What other two structures extend to this point?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
- Cilia
- Smooth muscle cells
Which Cells end at the end of the bronchi?
Cartilage and goblet cells
Least airway resistance? Why?
Terminal bronchioles=>largest number in parallel
In the respiratory zone, histology is?
simple cubodial
If you aspirate a peanut while standing up it enters?
Lower portion of Right Inferior Lobe=>think gravity
If you aspirate a peanut while lying flat it enters?
Superior portion of right inferior lobe
What does RALS mean?
Right pul. artery is Anterior to bronchi
Left pul. artery is Superior to bronchi
Thoracentesis should be performed at what levels of the rib in the midclavicular line, mid axillary line, paravertebral line?
The lung is located how many intercostal spaces above the pleural border?
Why do you not insert the needle in the inferior margin of the rib?
Midclavicular line: 5-7
Mid axillary line: 7-9
Paravertebral line: 9- 11
2 intercostal spaces above
You run the risk of striking the subcostal girl vascular bundle: in the inferior margin of the rib
