Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
M
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
,
External respiration, or breathing, is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung and the environment.
A)true
B)false
A
_______ respiration, or breathing, is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung and the environment
External
The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to the cells, where it provides energy to carry out metabolism.
A)true
B)false
A
Internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
A)true
B)falsE
A
_________ respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
Internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
,
Air enters the respiratory tract through the nose. The air is filtered, moistened, and warmed as it enters the two nasal openings (nares) and travels to the nasal cavity.
A)true
B)false
A
The mucous membrane provides warmth and moisture and secretes 1 L of moisture every day.
A)true
B)false
A
Lateral to the nasal cavities are three scroll-like bones called turbinates or conchae, which cause the air to move over a larger surface area.
A)true
B)false
A
paranasal sinuses. They are called the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid cavities. These are hollow areas that make the skull lighter and are believed to give resonance to the voice.
A)true
B)false
A
The pharynx, or throat (a tubular structure about 5 inches [13 em] long extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus and situated just in front of the vertebrae), is the passageway for both air and food.
A)true
B)false
A
the distal end of the pharynx are three subdivisions:
(1) nasopharynx (superior portion),
(2) oropharynx (posterior to mouth), and
(3) laryngopharynx (directly superior to larynx) .
A)true
B)false
A
eustachian tubes enter either side of the nasopharynx, connecting it to the middle ear.
A)true
B)false
A
The adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) are in the nasopharynx, whereas the palatine tonsils are in the oropharynx. A)true B)false
A
larynx, or organ of voice, is supported by nine areas of cartilage and connects the pharynx with the trachea.
A)true
B)false
A
The largest area of cartilage is composed of two fused plates and is called the thyroid cartilage, or Adam’s apple.
A)true
B)false
A
The epiglottis, a large leaf-shaped area of cartilage, protects the larynx when swallowing. It covers the larynx tightly to prevent food from entering the trachea and directs the food to the esophagus
A)true
B)false
A
The larynx contains the vocal cords.
A)true
B)false
A
The trachea, or windpipe, is a tubelike structure that extends approximately 4 1/3 inches (11 cm) to the midchest, where it divides into the right and left bronchi
A)true
B)false
A
The entire structure is lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia (small, hairlike processes on the outer surfaces of small cells, which produce motion or current in a fluid) that sweep dust or debris upward toward the nasal cavity.
A)trachea
B)lungs
A
Sometimes, because of an airway obstruction, a physician performs a tracheostomy (a surgical opening into the trachea through which an indweLling tube may be inserted). Once this procedure is completed, the individual breathes through the tracheal opening rather than the nose. The opening is below the larynx, so air cannot pass over the vocal cords. The vocal cords cannot vibrate, and speech becomes physiologically impossible.
A)true
B) false
A
tracheostomy, The opening is below the larynx, so air cannot pass over the vocal cords. The vocal cords cannot vibrate, and speech becomes physiologically impossible.
A)true
B)false
A