Nose, Mouth, Throat Flashcards
Nose, Mouth, and Throat
,
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
,
NOSE
,
The ________ is the first segment of the respiratory system. It warms, moistens, and filters the inhaled air, and it is the sensory organ for smell.
A)nose
B)throat
C)both a and b
A
The _________ is shaped like a triangle with one side attached to the face.On its leading edge, the superior part is the bridge and the free corner is the tip. The oval openings at the base of the triangle are the nares; just inside, each naris widens into the vestibule.
A)external nose
B)internal nose
A
The _____________ divides the two nares and is continuous inside with the nasal septum.
A)columella
B)ala
A
The________ is the lateral outside wing of the nose on either side.
A)ala
B)nose
A
The upper third of the external nose is made up of bone; the rest is cartilage.
A)true
B)false
A
the nasal cavity is much larger than the external nose would indicate.
A)true
B)false
A
It extends back over the roof of the mouth. The anterior edge of the cavity is lined with numerous coarse nasal hairs, or vibrissae. The rest of the cavity is lined with a blanket of ciliated mucous membrane.
A)nasal cavity
B)oral cavity
A
The _________ filter the coarsest matter from inhaled air.
A)nasal hairs
B)mucous blanket
A
the ____________ filters out dust and bacteria.
A)nasal hairs
B)mucous blanket
B
Nasal mucosa appears redder than oral mucosa because of the rich blood supply present to warm the inhaled air.
A)true
B)false
A
The nasal cavity is divided medially by the septum into two slitlike air passages.
A)true
B)fase
A
The ____________ of the septum holds a rich vascular network, Kiesselbach plexus, the most common site of nosebleeds.
A)anterior part
B)posterior part
A
ln many people, the nasal septum is not absolutely straight and may deviate toward one passage.
A)true
B)false
A
The lateral walls of each nasal cavity contain three parallel bony projections-the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates. They increase the surface area so that more blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter the inhaled air.
A)true
B)false
A
The lateral walls of each nasal cavity contain three parallel bony projections-the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates. They ?
A)increase the surface area so that more blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter the inhaled air.
B)decrease the surface area so that less blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter the inhaled air.
A
Underlying each turbinate is a ______, the meatus, which is named for the turbinate above.
A)cleft
B)mucus
A
The sinuses drain into the
A)middle meatus,
B)inferior meatus.
A
tears from the nasolacrimal duct drain into the
A)middle meatus
B)inferior meatus
B
The ________________ lie at the roof of the nasal cavity and in the upper one third of the septum. These receptors for smell merge into the olfactory nerve, cranial nerve 1, which transmits to the temporal lobe of the brain.
A)olfactory receptors (hair cells)
B)facial receptors
A
Although it is not necessary for human survival, the sense of smell adds to nutrition by enhancing the pleasure and taste of food.
A)olfactory receptors
B)sinus receptors
A
The ___________ are air-filled pockets within the cranium. They communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane. They lighten the weight of the skull bones, serve as resonators for sound production, and provide mucus, which drains into the nasal cavity.
A)paranasal sinuses
B)olfactory sinuses
A
The ________openings are narrow and easily occluded, which may cause inflammation or sinusitis.
A)sinus
B)olfactory sinuses
A
Two pairs of sinuses are accessible to examination:
A)the frontal sinuses in the frontal bone above and medial to the orbits;
B)the maxillary sinuses in the maxilla (cheekbone) along the side walls of the nasal cavity.
C)both a and b
C
\: the \_\_\_\_\_\_ sinuses in the frontal bone above and medial to the orbits; A) frontal B)maxillary C)ethmoid D)sphenoid
A
the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sinuses in the maxilla (cheekbone) along the side walls of the nasal cavity. A) frontal B)maxillary C)ethmoid D)sphenoid
B
The other two sets are smaller and deeper: the ethmoid sinuses between the orbits; and the sphenoid sinuses deep within the skull in the sphenoid bone
A)true
B)false
True
The other two sets are smaller and deeper: the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sinuses between the orbits; A) frontal B)maxillary C)ethmoid D)sphenoid
C
The other two sets are smaller and deeper: the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sinuses deep within the skull in the sphenoid bone A) frontal B)maxillary C)ethmoid D)sphenoid
D
Only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are present at birth.
A)true
B)false
A
What sinuses are present at birth
A)maxillary
B)ethmoid
C)both a and b
C
The maxillary sinuses reach full size after all permanent teeth have erupted.
A)true
B)false
A
The ethmoid sinuses grow rapidly between 6 and 8 years of age and after puberty.
A) true
B) false
A
Ethomoid sinuses grow rapidly between the ages of
A)11,15
B)6,8
C)2,5
B
The frontal sinuses are absent at birth,
A)true
B)false
A
are fairly well developed between 7 and 8 years of age, and reach full size after puberty. A)frontal sinuses
B)ethmoid
A
Frontal sinuses are developed between what ages
A)7,8
B)9,13
C)4,6
A
The sphenoid sinuses are minute at birth and develop after puberty.
A)true
B)false
A
MOUTH
,
The ________ is the first segment of the digestive system and an airway for the respiratory system.
A)mouth
B)nose
A
The _______ is a short passage bordered by the lips, palate, cheeks, and tongue. It contains the teeth and gums, tongue, and salivary glands.
A)oral cavity
B)nasal cavity
A
The_______ are the anterior border of the oral cavity- the transition zone from the outer skin to the inner mucous membrane lining the oral cavity.
A)lips
B) tongue
C)both a and b
A
The arching roof of the mouth is the palate; it is divided into two parts.
A)anterior (hard plate) posterior (hard plate)
B)anterior (hard plate) posterior (soft plate)
C)anterior (soft plate) posterior (hard plate)
D)anterior (soft plate) posterior (soft plate)
B
hard palate is made up of bone and is a whitish color.
A)anterior
B)posterior
A
is the soft palate, an arch of muscle that is pinker in color and mobile.
A)anterior
B)posterior
B
The ________ is the free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate.
A)uvula
B)lips
A
The cheeks are the side walls of the oral cavity.
A)true
B)false
A
The floor of the mouth consists of the horseshoe-shaped mandible bone, the tongue, and underlying muscles.
A)true
B)false
A
The________ is a mass of striated muscle arranged in a crosswise pattern so that it can change shape and position.
A) tongue
B) lips
A
The_______ are the rough, bumpy elevations on its dorsal surface.
A) papillae
B)lips
A
Note the larger ________ in an inverted V shape across the posterior base of the tongue, and do not confuse them with abnormal growths.
A)vallate papillae
B)paplliae
A
Underneath, the ventral surface of the tongue is smooth and shiny and has prominent veins.
A)true
B)false
A
The_______ is a midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
A)frenulum
B)papallie
A
The________ ability to change shape and position enhances its functions in mastication, swallowing, cleansing the teeth, and the formation of speech.
A)lips
B)tongue’s
C)teeth
B
The______ also functions in taste sensation.
A)tongue
B)cheeks
A
Microscopic taste buds are in the papillae at the back and along the sides of the tongue and on the soft palate
A)true
B)false
A
The largest, the_______ gland, lies within the cheeks in front of the ear extending from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw. Its duct, Stensen’s duct, runs forward to open on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar.
A)parotid
B)submandibular
A
The largest, the parotid gland, lies within the cheeks in front of the ear extending from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw. Its duct, __________,runs forward to open on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar.
A)parotid
B)submandibular
C)stensens’s duct
C
The________ gland is the size of a walnut. It lies beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw. Wharton’s duct runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum
A)parotid
B)submandibular
B
The submandibular gland is the size of a walnut. It lies beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw. ___________,runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum
A)parotid
B)submandibular
C)Wharton’s duct
C
The smallest, the almond-shaped _______ gland, lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue. It has many small openings along the sublingual fold under the tongue.
A)sublingual
B)submandibular
A
The glands secrete saliva, the clear fluid that moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosa.
A)true
B)false
A
Adults have 32 permanent teeth-16 in each arch.
A)true
B)false
A
Each tooth has three parts: the crown, the neck, and the root.
A)true
B)false
A
The _________ collar the teeth. They are thick, fibrous tissues covered with mucous membrane. The ________ are different from the rest of the oral mucosa because of their pale pink color and stippled surface.
A)teeth
B)gums (gingivae)
C)glands
B
THROAT
,
The throat, or pharynx, is the area behind the mouth and nose.
A)true
B)false
A
The throat, is also called________, is the area behind the mouth and nose.
A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)both a and b
B
The__________ is separated from the mouth by a fold of tissue on each side, the anterior tonsillar pillar. Behind the folds are the tonsils, each a mass of lymphoid tissue.
A)oropharynx
B)nasophaynx
A
The tonsils are the same color as the surrounding mucous membrane, although they look more granular and their surface shows deep crypts.
A)true
B)false
A
_________tissue enlarges during childhood until puberty and then involutes.
A)Tonsillar
B)gums
A
The posterior pharyngeal wall is seen behind these structures. Some small blood vessels may show on it.
A)true,oropharynx
B)false
A
The________ is continuous with the oropharynx, although it is above the oropharynx and behind the nasal cavity. The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and the eustachian tube openings are located here.
A)nasopharynx
B)oropharynx
A
The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and the eustachian tube openings are located here.
A)nasopharynx
B)oropharynx
A
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
Infants and Children
,
In the infant, salivation starts at 3 months.
A)true
B)false
A
The baby will drool for a few months before learning to swallow the saliva. This drooling does not herald the eruption of the first tooth, although many parents think it does.
A)true
B)false
A
The teeth, both sets, begin development in utero.
A)true
B)false
A
Children have 20 deciduous, or temporary, teeth. These erupt between 6 months and 24 months of age. All 20 teeth should appear by 2 1/2 years of age.
A) true
B)false
A
Deciduous teeth erupts at what age A)6-24months B)18-24months C)11-24months D)2-14months
A
All 20 teeth should appear by 2 1/2 years of age.
A)true
B)false
A
The deciduous teeth are lost beginning at age 6 years through age 12 years. They are replaced by the permanent teeth, starting with the central incisors. The permanent teeth appear earlier in girls than in boys, and they erupt earlier in Black children than in white children.
A)true
B)false
A
The permanent teeth appear earlier in girls than in boys, and they erupt earlier in Black children than in white children.
A)true
B)false
A
The nose develops during adolescence, along with other secondary sex characteristics. This growth starts at age 12 or 13 years, reaching full growth at age 16 years in females and age 18 years in males.
A)true
B)false
A
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
The Pregnant Woman
,
Nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur during pregnancy as a result of increased vascularity in the upper respiratory tract.
A)true
B)false
A
Also, the gums may be hyperemic and softened and may bleed with normal toothbrushing. Contrary to superstitious folklore, pregnancy does not cause tooth decay or loss.
A)pregnant woman
B)aging adut
A
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
The Aging Adult
,
A gradual loss of subcutaneous fat starts during later adult years, making the nose appear more prominent in some people.
A)aging adult
B)child
A
The nasal hairs grow coarser and stiffer and may not filter the air as well. The hairs protrude and may cause itching and sneezing.
A)aging adulth
B)young adult
A
Many older people clip these hairs, thinking them unsightly, but this practice can cause infection.
A)true
B)false
A
The sense of smell may diminish because of a decrease in the number of olfactory nerve fibers.
A)aging adult
B)infant
C)pregnant
A
The decrease in the sensation of smell begins after age 60 years and continues progressively with age
A)pregnant
B)aging adut
B
In the oral cavity, the soft tissues atrophy and the epithelium thins, especially in the cheeks and tongue. This results in loss of taste buds, with about an 80o/o reduction in taste functioning.
A)aging adult
B)infant
A
Further impairments to taste include a decrease in salivary secretion that is needed to dissolve flavoring agents and the presence of upper dentures that cover secondary taste sites
A)infant
B)adult
C)aging adult
C
Atrophic tissues ulcerate easily, which increases risk for infections such as oral moniliasis. The risk for malignant oral lesions also increases.
A)aging adult
B)pregnant women
A
Many dental changes occur with aging. The tooth surface is abraded. The gums begin to recede, and the teeth begin to erode at the gum line.
A)young adult
B)aging adult
B
A smooth V-shaped cavity forms around the neck of the tooth, exposing the nerve and making the tooth hypersensitive. Some tooth loss may occur from bone resorption (osteoporosis), which decreases the inner tooth structure and its outer support.
A)aging adult
B)younger adult
A
Natural tooth loss is exacerbated by years of inadequate dental care, decay, poor oral hygiene, and tobacco use.
A)true
B)false
A
If tooth loss occurs, the remaining teeth drift, causing malocclusion.
A)true
B)false
A
If tooth loss occurs, the remaining teeth drift, causing
A)malocclusion
B)deviation
A
The stress of chewing with maloccluding teeth causes further problems:
( l) further tooth loss;
(2) muscle imbalance from a mandible and maxilla now out of alignment, which produces muscle spasms, tenderness of muscles of mastication, and chronic headaches; and
(3) stress on the temporomandibular joint, leading to osteoarthritis, pain, and inability to fully open the mouth.
A)true
B)flase
Read again true
A diminished sense of taste and smell decreases the aging person’s interest in food and may contribute to malnutrition.
A)true
B)false
A
Saliva production decreases; saliva acts as a solvent for food flavors and helps move food around the mouth. Decreased saliva also reduces the mouth’s self-cleaning property.
A)infant
B)aging adult
C)both a and b
B
The major cause of decreased saliva flow is not the aging process itself but, rather, the use of medications that have anticholinergic effects. More than 250 medications have a side effect of dry mouth.
A)true
B)false
A
The major cause of reduce salvia production in aging adults is
A)degeneration
B)medication
C)foods
B
More than 250 medications have a side effect of dry mouth
A)true
B)false
A
The absence of some teeth and trouble with mastication encourage the older person to eat soft foods (usually high in carbohydrates) and to decrease meat and fresh vegetable intake. This produces a risk for nutritional deficit for protein, vitamins, and minerals.
A)true
B)false
A
This produces a risk for nutritional deficit for protein, vitamins, and minerals.
A)The absence of some teeth and trouble with mastication encourage the older person to eat soft foods (usually high in carbohydrates) and to decrease meat and fresh vegetable intake.
B)false
A
CULTURE AND GENETICS
,
______, a condition in which the uvula is split either completely or partially, occurs in 18% of some American Indian groups and in 10% of Asians. The occurrence in whites and Blacks is rare.
A)Bifid uvula
B)cleft
A
The occurrence in whites and Blacks is rare.
A)Bifid uvula
B)cleft
A
_______________ are most common in Asian-American newborns ( 1/800) and American Indians, less common in Caucasians (1/1000), and least 28 common among African Americans ( 1/ 1200)
A)Cleft lip and cleft palate
B)bidifa
A
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the emergence of ________, a benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate. The prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis is higher in Asians than in Caucasians and is higher in women than in men.
A)torus palatinus
B)cleft lip
A
The prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis is higher in Asians than in Caucasians and is higher in women than in men.
A)true
B)false
A
The prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis is higher in
A) Asians than in Caucasians
B)higher in women than in men
C)both a and b
C
_________is a milky, bluish-white, opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa. It occurs more often in darkly pigmented persons and is seen most often in African Americans.
A)Leukoedema
B)bifidav
A
The incidence of natal teeth (baby born with teeth) is rare, about 1:2000 to I :3500 live births, but is more common among American Indian infants.
A)true
B)false
A
whites have more tooth decay than
Blacks.
A)true
B)false
True
The differences in tooth decay between Blacks and whites occur because Blacks have harder and denser tooth enamel, which makes their teeth less susceptible to the organisms that cause caries.
A)true
B)false
A true
Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives have the poorest oral health of all racial and ethnic groups in the
United States.
A)true
B)false
A
The incidence rate was 20% higher for African-American men than for white men, while the difference between women was small.
A)pharyngeal cancer
B)cancer
A
SUBJECTIVE DATA
,
Nose 1 . Discharge 2. Frequent colds (upper respiratory infections) 3. Sinus pain 4. Trauma 5. Epistaxis (nosebleeds) 6. Allergies 7. Altered smell Mouth and Throat 1. Sores or lesions 2. Sore throat 3. Bleeding gums 4. Toothache 5. Hoarseness 6. Dysphagia 7. Altered taste 8. Smoking, alcohol consumption 9. Self-care behaviors Dental care pattern Dentures or appliances A)subjective data B)objective data
A
Nose
,
Discharge. Any nasal discharge or runny nose? Continuous? • Is the discharge watery, purulent, mucoid, bloody?
A)Rhinorrhea occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infection, trauma.
B)Most people have occasional colds; thus asking this more precise question yields more meaningful data.
A
Frequent colds. Any unusually frequent or severe colds (upper respiratory infections)? How often do these occur?
A)Most people have occasional colds; thus asking this more precise question yields more meaningful data.
B)Any sinus pain or sinusitis?
A
Any sinus pain or sinusitis?
A)inflammation of sinuses
B)none
A
Trauma. Ever had any trauma or a blow to the nose? • Can you breathe through your nose? Are both sides obstructed or one?
A)Trauma may cause deviated septum, which may cause nares to be obstructed.
B)Epistaxis (nosebleeds). Any nosebleeds? How often?
A
Epistaxis (nosebleeds). Any nosebleeds? How often?
A)Epistaxis occurs with trauma, vigorous nose blowing, foreign body.
B)Person should sit up with head tilted forward, pinch nose between thumb and forefinger for 5 to 15 minutes
C)both a and b
C
Any allergies or hay fever? To what are you allergic (e.g., pollen, dust, pets)?
A)Seasonal” rhinitis if due to pollen; “perennial” if allergen is dust.
B)Misuse of over-the-counter nasal medications irritates the mucosa, causing rebound swelling, a common problem.
C)both a and b
C
Altered smell. Experienced any change in sense of smell?
A)Sense of smell diminishes with cigarette smoking, chronic allergies, aging.
B)none
A
Mouth and Throat
,
Sores or lesions. Noticed any sores or lesions in the mouth, tongue, or gums?
A)History helps determine whether oral lesions have infectious, traumatic, immunologic, or malignant etiology.
B)none
A
Sore throat. How about sore throats? How frequently do you get them? Have a sore throat now? When did it start?
A)Untreated strep throat may lead to the complication of rheumatic fever.
B)false
A
Any toothache? Do your teeth seem sensitive to hot, cold? Have you lost any teeth?
A)true
B)false
A
Any hoarseness, voice change? For how long?
A)Hoarseness of the larynx has many causes: overuse of the voice, upper respiratory infection (URI), chronic inflammation, lesions, or a neoplasm.
B)false
A
Larynx means
A)throat
B)voice box
B
Dysphagia. Any difficulty swaJlowing? How long have you had it?
A)Dysphagia occurs with pharyngitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stroke and other neurologic diseases, esophageal cancer.
B)false
A
Smoking, alcohol consumption. Do you smoke? Pipe or cigarettes? Smokeless tobacco? How many packs per day? For how many years?
A)Chronic tobacco use leads to tootl1 loss, coronal and root caries, and periodontal disease in older adults
B)false
A
When was your last alcohol drink? How much alcohol did you drink that time? How much alcohol do you usually drink?
A)Chronic tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption highly increase risk for oral and pharyngeal cancers.
B)false
A
Tell me about your daily dental care. How often do you use a toothbrush and floss?
A)Assess self-care behaviors for oral hygiene. B)Periodic dental screening is necessary to note caries.
C)both a and b
C
Any problems with talking-do the dentures whistle or drop? Can you chew all foods with them? How do you clean them?
A)Lesions may arise from ill-fitting dentures, or the presence of dentures may mask the eruption of new lesions.
B)false
A
Additional History for Infants and Children
,
Did the child’s teeth erupt about on time?
A)Eruption is delayed with Down syndrome, cretinism, rickets
B)false
A
Do the teeth seem straight to you?
A)checking for Malocclusion.
B)false
A
Is the child using a bottle? How often during the day? Does the child go to sleep with a bottle at night?
A)Prolonged bottle use increases risk for tooth decay and middle ear infections
B)false
A
Have you noticed any thumb sucking after the child’s secondary teeth came in?
A)Prolonged thumb sucking (after age 6 to 7 years) may affect occlusion.
B)false
A
Have you noticed the child grinding his or her teeth? Does this happen at night?
A)Bruxism usually occurs in sleep, from dental problems, nervous tension.
B)false
A
Evaluate child’s self-care. Early self-care has best compliance.
A)true
B)false
A
Additional History for the Aging Adult
,
Any dryness in the mouth? Are you taking any medications? (Note prescribed and over-the-counter medications.
A)Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a side effect of many drugs: antidepressants, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, bronchodilators.
B)false
A
Have you lost any teeth? Can you chew all types of food?
A)Note a decrease in eating meat, fresh vegetables, and cleansing foods such as apples.
B)false
A
Are you able to care for your own teeth or dentures?
A)Self-care may be decreased by physical disability (arthritis), vision Joss, confusion, or depression
B)false
A
Noticed a change in your sense of taste or smell?
A)Some people add extra salt and sugar to enhance food when taste begins to wane. B)Also, diminished smell may decrease the person’s ability to detect food spoilage, natural gas leaks, or smoke from a fire.
C)both a and b
C
OBJECTIVE DATA
,
Position the person sitting up straight with his or her head at your eye level. If the person wears dentures, offer a paper towel and ask the person to remove them.
A)true
B)false
A
INSPECT AND PALPATE THE NOSE
,
External Nose
,
Test the patency of the nostrils
A)by pushing each nasal wing shut with your finger while asking the person to sniff inward through the other nares.
B)false
A
Test the patency of the nostrils by pushing each nasal wing shut with your finger while asking the person to sniff inward through the other naris. This reveals any obstruction, which later is explored using the nasal speculum.
A)true
B)false
A
The sense of smell, mediated by cranial nerve I, is not tested in a routine examination.
A)true
B)false
A
The procedure for assessing smell is presented with cranial nerve testing
A)true
B)false
A
Absence of sniff indicates obstruction A)common cold B)nasal polyps C)rhinitis D)all the above
D
Nasal Cavity
,
Attach the short wide-tipped speculum to the otoscope head and insert this combined apparatus into the nasal vestibule, avoiding pressure on the nasal septum. Gently lift up the tip of the nose with your finger before inserting.
A)true
B)false
A
View each nasal cavity with the person’s head erect and then with the head tilted back. Inspect the nasal mucosa, noting its normal red color and smooth, moist surface. Note any swelling, discharge, bleeding, or foreign body.
A)true
B)false
A
Rhinitis- nasal mucosa is swollen and bright red with URI.
A)true
B)false
A
________- nasal mucosa is swollen and bright red with URI.
A) Rhinitis
B)herpes
A
Discharge is common with rhinitis and sinusitis, varying from
A)watery and copious to thick, purulent, and green-yellow.
B)false
A
With chronic allergy, mucosa looks swollen, boggy, pale, and gray
A)true
B)false
A
Observe the nasal septum for deviation.
A)true
B)false
A
A deviated septum is common and is not significant unless air flow is obstructed. (If present in a hospitalized patient, document the deviated septum in the event that the person
needs nasal suctioning or a nasogastric tube.)
A)true
B)false
A
Also note any perforation or bleeding in the septum.
A)true
B)false
A
A deviated septum looks like a hump or shelf in one nasal cavity.
A)abnormal finding
B)normal finding
A
_______is seen as a spot of light from a penlight shining in the other naris and occurs with cocaine use.
A)Perforation
B) Epistaxis
A
_______commonly comes from anterior septum
A)Epistaxis
B)false
A
Inspect the turbinates (the bony ridges curving down from the lateral walls).
A)true
B)false
A
The superior turbinate will not be in your view, but the middle and inferior turbinates appear the same light red color as the nasal mucosa. Note any swelling but do not try to push the speculum past it. Turbinates are quite vascular and tender if touched.
A)true
B)false
A
