Ears Flashcards
MIDDLE EAR
.
The middle ear is a tiny air-filled cavity inside the temporal bone. It contains tiny ear bones, or auditory ossicles: the malleus, incus, and stapes. The middle ear has several openings. Its opening to the outer ear is covered by the tympanic membrane.
A)true
B)false
A
The________ ear is a tiny air-filled cavity inside the temporal bone. It contains tiny ear bones, or auditory ossicles: the malleus, incus, and stapes. The_______ ear has several openings. Its opening to the outer ear is covered by the tympanic membrane.
A)external
B)middle
B
It contains tiny ear bones, or auditory ossicles: the malleus, incus, and stapes
A)middle
B)external
C)inner
A
The openings to the ____— ear are the oval window at the end of the stapes and the round window. Another opening is the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear with the nasopharyrLx and allows passage of air. The tube is normally closed, but it opens with swallowing or yawning.
A)middle
B)inner
C)external
A
Another opening is the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear with the
A)nasopharyrLx and allows passage of air. The tube is normally closed, but it opens with swallowing or yawning.
B)pharynx and tracheal
A
The tube is normally closed, but it opens with swallowing or yawning.
A) Eustachian tube
B) external tube
A
The middle ear has three functions:
(l) it conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the central hearing apparatus in the inner ear;
(2) it protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds; and
(3) its eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane so that the membrane does not rupture (e.g., during altitude changes in an airplane).
A)true
B)false
A
The________ ear has three functions:
(l) it conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the central hearing apparatus in the inner ear;
(2) it protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds; and
(3) its eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane so that the membrane does not rupture (e.g., during altitude changes in an airplane).
A)external
B)middle
C)inner
B
INNER EAR
.
The_______ ear is embedded in bone. It contains the bony labyrinth, which holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing. Within the bony labyrinth, the vestibule and the semicircular canals compose the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea (Latin for “snail shell”) contains the central hearing apparatus. Although the ______ ear is not accessible to direct examination, you can assess its functions
A)inner
B)middle
A
Within the bony labyrinth, the vestibule and the semicircular canals compose the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea (Latin for “snail shell”) contains the central hearing apparatus.
A)true,inner ear
B)false,fase inner ear
A
HEARING
.
The function of hearing involves the auditory system at three levels:
A)peripheral, brainstem, and cerebral cortex.
B)cortex, meddullla oblongata,cerebellum
A
At the __________ level, the ear transmits sound and converts its vibrations into electrical impulses, which can be analyzed by the brain. For example, you hear an alarm bell ringing in the hall. Its sound waves travel instantly to your ears. The amplitude is how loud the alarm is; its frequency is the pitch (in this case, high) or the number of cycles per second. The sound waves produce vibrations on your tympanic membrane. These vibrations are carried by the middle ear ossicles to your oval window. Then the sound waves travel through your cochlea, which is coiled like a snail’s shell, and are dissipated against the round window.Along the way, the basilar membrane vibrates at a point specific to the frequency of the sound. In this case, the alarm’s high frequency stimulates the basilar membrane at its base near the stapes.
A)peripheral
B)cortex
B)brain
A
The numerous fibers along the basilar membrane are the receptor hair cells of the ____________, the sensory organ of hearing.
A)lacrimal
B)organ of Corti
B
As the hair cells bend, they mediate the vibrations into electric impulses. The electrical impulses are conducted by the auditory portion of cranial nerve VIII to the brainstem.
A)organ of corti
B)false, cranial nerve 5
A
As the hair cells bend, they mediate the vibrations into electric impulses. The electrical impulses are conducted by the auditory portion of cranial nerve_____ to the brainstem.
A)VIII
B)VI
C)both a and b
A
The function at the___________ level is binaural interaction, which permits locating the direction of a sound in space as well as identifying the sound. How does this work? Each ear is actually one half of the total sensory organ. The ears are located on each side of a movable head. The cranial nerve VIII from each ear sends signals to both sides of the brainstem. Areas in the brainstem are sensitive to differences in intensity and timing of the messages from the two ears, depending on the way the head is turned.
A)brainstem
B)cortex
A
Ears
.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
.
The ear is the sensory organ for hearing and maintaining equilibrium
A)true
B)false
A
The ear has three parts:
A)the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
B)inner,outer, and external
A
The external ear is called the
A)auricle
B)pinna
C)both a and b
C
The external ear is called the ______ or ______ and consists of movable cartilage and skin
A)auricle
B)pinna
C)both a and b
C
The ________________, the bony prominence behind the lobule, is not part of the ear but
is an important landmark.
A)mastoid process
B)ancilie
A
EXTERNAL EAR
.
The external ear has a characteristic shape and serves to funnel sound waves into its opening, the external auditory canal (Fig. 15-2). The canal is a cul-de-sac 2.5 to 3 cm long in the adult and terminates at the eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
A)true
B)false
A
The __________ has a characteristic shape and serves to funnel sound waves into its opening, the external auditory canal. The canal is a cul-de-sac 2.5 to 3 cm long in the adult and terminates at the eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
A)external ear
B)internal ear
A
The canal is a cul-de-sac 2.5 to 3 cm long in the adult and terminates at the eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
A)external auditory canal
B)inner canal
A
The canal is lined with glands that secrete cerumen, a yellow, waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear. The wax forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane. Cerumen migrates out to the meatus by the movements of chewing and talking.
A)external auditory canal
B)inner canal
A
The wax forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane.
A)true
B)false
A
Cerumen migrates out to the meatus by the movements of
A)chewing
B)talking
C)both a and b
C
The outer one third of the canal is cartilage; the inner two thirds consists of bone covered by thin, sensitive skin.
A)ear canal
B)false
A
The canal has a slight S-curve in the adult. The outer one third curves up and toward the back of the head, whereas the inner two thirds angles down and forward toward the nose.
A)true
B)fase
A
The ________________, separates the external and the middle ear and is tilted obliquely to the ear canal, facing downward and somewhat forward. It is a translucent membrane with a pearly gray color and a prominent cone of light in the anteroinferior quadrant, which is the reflection of the otoscope light.
A)tympanic membrane
B)ear drum
C)both a and b
C
The drum is oval and slightly concave, pulled in at its center by one of the middle ear ossicles, the malleus.
A)true
B)false
A
The parts of the malleus show through the translucent drum; these are the
A)umbo, the manubrium (handle), and the short process.
B)false, there is no umbo but ossciles
A
The small, slack, superior section of the tympanic membrane is called the
A)pars flaccida
B)eardrum
C)slackness duct
A
The remainder of the drum, which is thicker and more taut, is the
A)pars tensa
b)annulus
A
The______ is the outer fibrous rim of the drum.
A)annulus
B)pinna
A
Lymphatic drainage of the external ear flows to the parotid, mastoid, and superficial cervical nodes.
A)true
B)false
A
Lymphatic drainage of the external ear flows to the A)parotid B)mastoid C)superficial cervical nodes D)all the above
D
The cranial nerve VIII from each ear sends signals to both sides of the brainstem. Areas in the brainstem are sensitive to differences in intensity and timing of the messages from the two ears, depending on the way the head is turned.
A)true
B)false
A
Finally, the function of the_______ is to interpret the meaning of the sound and begin the appropriate response.
A)cortex
B)brainstem
A
_________. The normal pathway of hearing is air conduction (AC), described earlier; it is the most efficient. An alternate route of hearing is by bone conduction (BC). Here, the bones of the skull vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted directly to the inner ear and to cranial nerve VIII.
A)Pathways of Hearing
B)there are 2 more paths
A
___________. Anything that obstructs the transmission of sound impairs hearing. A conductive hearing loss involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear. It is a partial loss because the person is able to hear if the sound amplitude is increased enough to reach normal nerve elements in the inner ear. Conductive hearing loss may be caused by impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, a perforated tympanic membrane, pus or serum in the middle ear, and otosclerosis (a decrease in mobility of the ossicles).
A)Hearing Loss
B)hearing gain
A
A conductive hearing loss involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear. The nurse that
A)It is a partial loss because the person is able to hear if the sound amplitude is increased enough to reach normal nerve elements in the inner ear.
B)false patient is fine
A
Conductive hearing loss may be caused by?select all that a apply
A)impacted cerumen
B) foreign bodies
C)a perforated tympanic membrane, pus or serum in the middle ear
D )otosclerosis (a decrease in mobility of the ossicles).
A B C D
__________ signifies pathology of the inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. A simple increase in amplitude may not enable the person to understand words. Sensorineural hearing loss may be caused by presbycusis, a gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging, and by ototoxic drugs, which affect the hair cells in the cochlea. A mixed loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear.
A)Sensorineural (or perceptive) loss
B)cortex
A
Sensorineural hearing loss may be caused by______________, a gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging, and by ototoxic drugs, which affect the hair cells in the cochlea. A mixed loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear.
A)presbycusis
B)presbyopia
A
________. The labyrinth in the inner ear constantly feeds information to your brain about your body’s position in space. It works like a plumb line to determine verticality or depth. The ear’s plumb lines register the angle of your head in relation to gravity. If the labyrinth ever becomes inflamed, it feeds the wrong information to the brain, creating a staggering gait and a strong, spinning, whirling sensation called vertigo.
A)Equilibrium
B)inner ear
A
________in the inner ear constantly feeds information to your brain about your body’s position in space. It works like a plumb line to determine verticality or depth. The ear’s plumb lines register the angle of your head in relation to gravity. If the ______ ever becomes inflamed, it feeds the wrong information to the brain, creating a staggering gait and a strong, spinning, whirling sensation called vertigo.
A)labyrinth
B)jugular
A
If the_______ ever becomes inflamed, it feeds the wrong information to the brain, creating a staggering gait and a strong, spinning, whirling sensation called vertigo.
A)external ear
B)labyrinth
B
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
Infants and Children
.
The inner ear starts to develop early in the fifth week of gestation.
A)true
B)false
A
In early development, the ear is posteriorly rotated and low set; later it ascends to its normal placement around eye level.
A)infant and children
B)false
A
If maternal rubella infection occurs during the first trimester, it can damage the organ of Corti and impair hearing.
A)infant and children
B)false
A
If maternal rubella infection occurs during the first trimester, it can damage the
A)organ of Corti
B)impair hearing
C)both a and b
C
The infant’s eustachian tube is relatively shorter and wider and its position is more horizontal than the adult’s, so it is easier for pathogens from the nasopharynx to migrate through to the middle ear.
A)true
B)false
A
The________ eustachian tube is relatively shorter and wider and its position is more horizontal than the adult’s, so it is easier for pathogens from the nasopharynx to migrate through to the middle ear.
A)infant’s
B)adults
A
The lumen is surrounded by lymphoid tissue, which increases during childhood; thus the lumen is easily occluded .. These factors place the infant at greater risk for middle ear infections than the adult.
A)true
B)fase
A
These factors place the infant at greater risk for middle ear infections than the adult.
A)The lumen is surrounded by lymphoid tissue, which increases during childhood; thus the lumen is easily occluded ..
B)false adults at risk
A
The infant’s and the young child’s ear canal is shorter and has a slope opposite to that of the adult’s.
A)true
B)false
A
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
THE ADULT
.
Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. It is a gradual hardening that causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness.
A) the adult
B)aging adult
A
_________is a common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. It is a gradual hardening that causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness
A)Otosclerosis
B)glaucoma
A
is a common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years.
A)otosclerosis
b)atherosclerosis
A
It is a gradual hardening that causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness
A)the adult,otosclerosis
B)the aging adult
A
DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE
The Aging Adult
.
In the _______ person, cilia lining the ear canal become coarse and stiff. This may cause cerumen to accumulate and oxidize, which greatly reduces hearing. The cerumen itself is drier because of atrophy of the apocrine glands. Also, a life history of frequent ear infections may result in scarring on the drum.
A)aging
B)adult
A
The cerumen itself is drier because of atrophy of the apocrine glands.
A)aging adult
B)adult
A
Impacted cerumen is common in aging adults (up to 57%) and in other at-risk groups (e.g., institutionalized and mentally disabled) who may underreport the associated hearing loss.
A)true
B)false
A
,who may underreport the associated hearing loss.
A)institutionalized
B)mentally disabled
C)both a and b
C
Cerumen impaction also blocks conduction in those wearing hearing aids and accounts for 70% of the malfunction in hearing aids returned to the manufacturer.
A)true
B)false
A
accounts for 70% of the malfunction in hearing aids returned to the manufacturer.
A)impacted cerumen
B)batteries died
A
________are wax-softening agents that expedite removal with electric or manual irrigators. After removal, those persons with hearing loss have shown improvement by 5 to 36 dB.
A)Ceruminolytics
B)false,
A
A person living in a noise-polluted area (e.g., near an airport or a busy highway) has a greater risk for hearing loss.
A)true
B)false
A
________is a type of hearing loss that occurs with 60% of those older than 65 years, even in people living in a quiet environment. It is a gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in the inner ear that slowly progresses after the fifth decade.
The person first notices a high-frequency tone loss; it is harder to hear consonants than vowels. Much speech information is lost, and words sound garbled.
A)presbycusis
B)glaucoma
A
occurs with 60% of those older than 65 years, even in people living in a quiet environment. It is a gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in the inner ear that slowly progresses after the fifth decade.
The person first notices a high-frequency tone loss; it is harder to hear consonants than vowels. Much speech information is lost, and words sound garbled.
A)presbycusis
B)glaucoma
A
It is a gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in the inner ear that slowly progresses after the fifth decade.
The person first notices a high-frequency tone loss; it is harder to hear consonants than vowels. Much speech information is lost, and words sound garbled.
A)presbycusis
B)glaucoma
A
The person first notices a high-frequency tone loss; it is harder to hear consonants than vowels. Much speech information is lost, and words sound garbled.
A)presbycusis
B)glaucoma
A
The ability to localize sound is impaired also. This communication dysfunction is accentuated when unfavorable background noise is present (e.g., with music, with dishes
clattering, or at a large, noisy party). Associated with
A)glaucoma
B)presbycusis
B
CULTURE AND GENETICS
,
_______ occurs because of obstruction of the eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear.
A)presbycusis
B)Otitis media, or OM (middle ear infection),
B
Otitis media is one of the most common illnesses in children.
A)true
B)false
A
Otitis media is one of the most common illnesses in________.
A)adults
B)children
B
It is so common that 90% of all children younger than 2 years have had at least one episode of OM.
A)true
B)false
A
The incidence and severity are increased in indigenous children from North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Northern Europe, although genetic factors have not been determined. Rather, the most important cause is environmental; children in high-risk groups usually have multiple pathogens, and the total bacterial load is high
A)true
B)false
A
The incidence and severity are increased in indigenous children from A)North America B)Australia, New Zealand C)Northern Europe D)all the above
D
Predisposing factors for OM include ? Select all that apply A)absence of breastfeeding in the first 3 months of age B) exposure to tobacco smoke C) daycare attendance D)male gender E)pacifier use F)seasonality (fall and winter), G)underlying diseases.
A B C D E F G
Feeding by bottle in the________ position increases risk because the effects of gravity and sucking draw the nasopharyngeal contents directly into the middle ear.
A)supine
B)semi fowlers
C)high fowlers
A
Urge parents to breastfeed whenever possible.
A)true, to fight against OM
B)false
A
But when bottle-feeding, do not prop the bottle or let the baby take a bottle to bed.
A)true to fight against OM
B)false
A
The most important side effect of acute otitis media is the
A)persistence of fluid in the middle ear after treatment.
B)false
A
The most important side effect of acute otitis media is the persistence of fluid in the middle ear after treatment. This middle ear effusion can impair hearing, placing the child at risk for delayed cognitive development.
A)true
B)false
A
The most important side effect of acute otitis media is the persistence of fluid in the middle ear after treatment. This middle ear effusion can impair hearing, placing the child at risk for A)delayed cognitive development B)happiness C)jaundice D)MS
A
Genetic variations. Cerumen is genetically determined to be of two major types:
(l) dry cerumen, which is gray and flaky and frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal; and
(2) wet cerumen, which is honey brown to dark brown and moist. Chromosome 16 holds one gene trait determining the wet or dry phenotype.
(3)The wet cerumen phenotype occurs more often in Caucasians and African Americans, whereas
(4)the dry cerumen is more frequent in Asians and American Indians.
A)true
B)false
A
_________, which is gray and flaky and frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal;
A)dry cerumen
B)wet cerumen
A
___________, which is honey brown to dark brown and moist.
A)dry cerumen
B)wet cerumen
B
Chromosome ____holds one gene trait determining the wet or dry phenotype.
A)12
B)16
C)5
B
The wet cerumen phenotype occurs more often in
A)Caucasians
B)African American
C)both a and b
C
the dry cerumen is more frequent in
A)Asians
B)American Indians
C)both a and b
C
The presence and composition of cerumen are not related to poor hygiene. Take caution to avoid mistaking the flaky, dry cerumen for eczematous lesions.
A)true
B)false
A
SUBJECTIVE DATA
,
Earaches Infections Discharge Hearing loss Environmental noise Tinnitus Vertigo Self-care behaviors A)objective data B)subjective data
B
INFANT
A)Horizontal eustachian tube
B)S curve
A
ADULT
A)Sloped eustachian tube
B)no curve
A
Earache. Any earache or other pain in ears?
A)Otalgia may be directly due to ear disease or may be referred pain from a problem in teeth or oropharynx.
B)tinnitus
A
_______may be directly due to ear disease or may be referred pain from a problem in teeth or oropharynx.
A)Otalgia
B)dyspepsia
A
Any accompanying cold symptoms or sore throat? Any problems with sinuses or teeth?
A)Virus/bacteria from upper respiratory infection may migrate up the eustachian tube to involve the middle ear.
B)HIV
A
Ever been hit on the ear or on the side of the head or had any sport injury? Ever had any trauma from a foreign body?
A)Trauma may rupture the tympanic membrane (TM)
B)Assess effect of coping strategies.
A
What have you tried to relieve pain?
A)Assess effect of coping strategies.
B)A history of chronic ear problems suggests possible sequelae
A
Infections. Any ear infections? As an adult, or in childhood? • How frequent were they? How were they treated?
A)A history of chronic ear problems suggests possible sequelae
B)Otorrhea suggests infected canal or perforated eardrum, such as:
A
Otorrhea suggests infected canal or perforated eardrum.
A)true
B)false
A
Discharge. Any discharge from your ears?
A)Otorrhea suggests infected canal or perforated eardrum,
B)OM
A
________-purulent, sanguineous, or watery discharge.
A) External otitis
B) Acute otitis
A
_______ with perforation purulent discharge
A)Acute otitis media
B)chronic
A
Any odor to the discharge?
A)Cholesteatoma-dirty yellow/gray discharge, foul odor.
B)Cholesteatoma-bloody
A
_______-dirty yellow/gray discharge, foul odor.
A) Cholesteatoma
B) OM
A
Any relationship between the discharge and the ear pain?
A)Typically witll perforation-ear pain occurs first, stops witll a popping sensation, tllen drainage occurs.
B)false
A
Hearing loss. Ever had any trouble hearing? • Onset-did the loss come on slowly or all at once?
A)Presbycusis is gradual onset over years, whereas a trauma bearing loss is often sudden. Refer any sudden loss in one or both ears not associated with upper respiratory infection (URI)
B)glaucoma
A
______is gradual onset over years, whereas a trauma bearing loss is often sudden. Refer any sudden loss in one or both ears not associated with upper respiratory infection (URI)
A)Presbycusis
B)galcoms
A
In what situations do you notice the loss: conversations, using the telephone, listening to TV, at a party?
A)Loss shows witll competition from background noise, as at a party.
B)Recruitment-a marked loss when speech is at low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when speaker repeats in a loud voice.
A
__________-a marked loss when speech is at low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when speaker repeats in a loud voice.
A)Recruitment
B)OM
A
Do people seem to shout at you?
A)Recruitment-a marked loss when speech is at low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when speaker repeats in a loud voice.
B)glaucoma
A
Do ordinary sounds seem hollow, as if you are hearing in a barrel or under water
A)Character of hearing loss when cerumen expands and becomes impacted, as after swimming or showering.
B)barrel hearing
A
Recently traveled by airplane? Any family history of hearing loss?
A)true
B)false
True
Hearing loss can cause social isolation and lessen pleasure of leisure activities.
A)true
B)false
A
Note to examiner-during history, note these clues from normal conversation tllat indicate possible hearing loss:
,
l. Person lip reading or watching your face and lips closely rather than your eyes
2. Frowning or straining forward to hear
3. Posturing of head to catch sounds with better ear
4. Misunderstands your questions or frequently asks you to repeat
5. Acts irritable or shows startle reflex when you raise your voice (recruitment)
6. Person’s speech sounds garbled, possibly vowel sounds distorted
7. Inappropriately loud voice
8. Flat, monotonous tone of voice
A)true,Note to examiner-during history, note these clues from normal conversation tllat indicate possible hearing loss
B)false,do not Note to examiner-during history, note these clues from normal conversation tllat indicate possible hearing loss
A read again
CONTD.. SUBJECT DATA
,
Environmental noise. Any loud noises at home or on the job? For example, do you live in a noise-polluted area, near an airport or busy traffic area? Now or in tile past?
A)Old trauma to hearing initially goes unnoticed but results in furtl1er decibel loss in later years.
B)false
A
Are you near other noises such as heavy machinery, loud persistent music, gunshots while hunting?
A)can cause hearing loss
B)doesn’t matter
A
Tinnitus. Ever felt ringing, crackling, or buzzing in your ears? When did this occur?
A)Tinnitus originates within the person; it accompanies some hearing or ear disorders
B)false
A
Tinnitus.Seem louder at night?
A)Tinnitus seems louder with no competition from environment noise
B)false
A
Are you taking any medications?
A)Many medications have ototoxic sequelae: aspirin, aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin), ethacrynic acid, furosemide, indomethacin, naproxen, quinine, vancomycin
B)false
A
Vertigo. Ever felt vertigo; that is, the room spinning around or yourself spinning? (Vertigo is a true twirling motion.)
A)Objective vertigo-feels like room spins. Subjective vertigo-person feels like he or she spins
B)Distinguish true vertigo from dizziness or light-headedness.
C)both a and b
C
__________ vertigo-feels like room spins.
A)objective data
B)subjective data
A
______ vertigo-person feels like he or she spins
A)objective data
B)subjective data
B
Self-care behaviors. How do you clean your ears?
A)Assess potential trauma from invasive instruments. Cotton-tipped applicators can impact cerumen, causing hearing loss
B)false
A
Additional History for Infants and Children
,
Ear infections. At what age was the child’s first episode? How many ear infections in the past 6 months? How many total? How were these treated?
A)A first episode that occurs within 3 months of life increases risk for recurrent OM. Recurrent OM is 3 episodes in past 3 months or 4 within past year.
B)false
A
A first episode that occurs within 3 months of life increases risk for recurrent OM. Recurrent OM is 3 episodes in past 3 months or 4 within past year.
A)true
B)false
A
Does anyone in the home smoke cigarettes?
A)Passive and gestational smoke are risk factors for OM
B)fase
A
Passive and gestational smoke are risk factors for
A)OM
B)ear cysts
A
Does your child receive childcare outside your home? In a daycare center or someone else’s home? How many children in the group care?
A)Daycare attendance and bottle-feeding (as opposed to breastfeeding) are risk factors for OM.
B)false
A
Have you noticed that the infant startles with loud noise? Did the infant babble around 6 months? Does he or she talk? At what age did talking start? Was the speech intelligible?
A)Children at risk for hearing deficit include those exposed to maternal rubella or to maternal ototoxic drugs in utero; premature infants; low-birth-weight infants; trauma or hypoxia at birth; and infants with congenital liver or kidney disease.
B)false
A
Children at risk for hearing deficit include those ? select all that apply
A)exposed to maternal rubella or to maternal ototoxic drugs in utero;
B)premature infants; low-birth-weight infants; C)trauma or hypoxia at birth;
D)infants with congenital liver or kidney disease.
A B C D
It is important to catch any problem early, because a child with hearing loss is at risk for delayed speech and social development and learning deficit.)
A)true
B)false
A
In children, the incidence of meningitis, measles, mumps, otitis media, and any illness with persistent high fever may increase risk for A)hearing deficit.
B)cardiac deficit
A
Does the child tend to put objects in the ears? Is the older child or adolescent active in contact sports?
A)These children are at increased risk for trauma.
B)false
A
