Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Nose
Naso
Sinuses
Sinuso
Pharynx
Pharyngo
Larynx
Laryngo
Epiglottis
Epiglotto
Trachea
Tracheo
Bronchi
Broncho, bronchio
Alveoli
Alveolo
Lungs
Pneumo, pneumono,pulmono
What are the diseases of respiratory system?
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Upper respiratory infections
Lower respiratory infections
What is the definition of asthma
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role
What are the causes of asthma?
Allergens, airborne pollens, house-dust mites, animal danders, environment, cold air, fog, orone, sulfur dioxide, emotions, anxiety, stress, laughter, exercise, particularly in cold and dry climate
What are the symptoms of asthma?
Dyspnea, chest tightness, coughing, wheezing
What are the signs of asthma?
Expiratory wheezing on auscultation, dry hacking cough, or signs of atopy
What is the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A common lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is both chronic and progressive
How is COPD differentiated from asthma?
The airflow limitation that is present is not fully reversible
What are the causes of COPD?
Exposures to tobacco smoke, occupational dusts and chemicals airway hyper responsiveness, air pollution, impaired lung growth
What are the symptoms of COPD?
Chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea, increased sputum volume, acutely worsening dyspnea, chest tightness, discoloration of sputum, increased need for bronchodilators, malaise, fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance
What are the viruses that cause upper respiratory infections(URTI )?
Epidemic influenza
Pharyngitis
Common cold (coryza)
Feverish cold
Croup
Bronchitis
Branchiolitis
What are the symptoms of acute coryza (common cold)?
Rapid onset
Sneezing
Sore throat
Watery nasal discharge
Cough
What are the symptoms of acute pharyngitis ?
More severe sore throat
Hoarse voice or loss of voice with pain on speaking
Painful and dry cough
Stridor in children, caused by inflammatory oedema leading to partial obstruction of small larynx
What are the symptoms of acute bronchitis and tracheitis?
Initial dry, painful cough with retrosternal discomfort in tracheitis
Chest tightness, wheeze and breathlessness if bronchitis develops
Sputum initially scanty, then becomes mucopurulent, in tracheitis often becomes blood-stained
Fever of 38-39
What are the lower respiratory infections?
Pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis
What is pneumonia?
An infection of both lungs
Primarily characterized by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs or by alveoli filled with fluid
What causes pneumonia?
Infection with viruses, bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs
What is aspiration pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus, may occur during unconsciousness
What is tuberculosis?
Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs, however it can also affect other parts of the body
What is pulmonary fibrosis?
Formulation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing
What is pulmonary fibrosis caused by?
Autoimmune disorders, infections, dust, gases, toxins and some drugs
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Cough,
rusty or green mucus roughed up from lungs
Fever
Tachypnea
Chest pain
Tachycardia
Fatigue and feeling very weak
