Pharmaceutical Terminology Part 2 Flashcards
Define aqueous
Something that is water based; made with or containing water
Define hydro-
A prefix that means water
Define in-vitro
Medical study or experiment that is done in the laboratory within a test tube or laboratory dish
Define in-vivo
Medical test or experiment done in a living organism
Define disintegration
The breakdown of solid dosage forms into small particles
Define dissolution
The process in which a substance forms a solution
Define adsorption
The adhesion of molecules to a surface because of chemical or electrical attraction
Define osmosis
A process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
Define passive diffusion
The movement of molecules down the concentration gradient
Define facilitated diffusion
A type of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier
Define active transport
The movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration with the use of energy
Define endocytosis
The process of actively transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane
Define absorption
The process of a drug moving from its site of delivery into the bloodstream
Define distribution
The movement of a drug to and from the blood and various tissues of the body
Define metabolism
Chemical alteration and breakdown of a drug by the body
Define excretion
The removal of drugs and their metabolites from the body
Define half life
The time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce to half its original value
The half-life is used to estimate how long it takes for a drug to be removed from your body
Define bioavailability
The rate and extent to which the active constituent of a drug is absorbed from a drug product and reaches the circulation, thereby accessing the site of action
Define bioequivalence
The property of two things with identical active ingredients, possess similar bioavailability and produce the some effect at the site of physiological activity
Define brand drug
A brand-name drug product is originally discovered and developed by a pharmaceutical company
Define generic drugs
Contain the same active ingredients as the brand product, in the same dosage form, at the same dose or concentration, and for the same route of administration.
The drug may differ in color, shape, taste, inactive ingredients, preservatives and packaging
Define drug manufacturing
The process of industrial scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs by pharmaceutical companies
Define raw materials
Starting materials, reagents, and solvents intended for use in the production of drug products
Define intermediate
Partly processed material which must undergo further manufacturing steps before it becomes a bulk product
Define bulk product
Any product that has completed all processing stages up to, but not including, final packaging
Define packaging
All operations, including filling and labeling, which a bulk product has to undergo in order to become a finished product
Define labeling
Information on the immediate or outer packaging to identify a pharmaceutical product
Define GMP
Good manufacturing practice, a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to qualify standards
Define quality control
The procedures done to check or test that the quality of the drug product is meeting the required specifications
Define in-process control
Checks performed during production in order to monitor and, if necessary, adjust the process to ensure that the finished product conforms to its specification
Define batch
A specific amount of pharmaceutical product that is intended to have a uniform character and quality and is manufactured according to a single production order during the same manufacturing cycle
Define contamination
The undesired introduction of impurities of a chemical or microbiological nature, or of foreign matter
Define impurity
Any component present in the intermediate or product that is not the desired entity
Define sterile
Free from the presence of viable microorganisms
