Pharmaceutical Terminology Part 2

Question 1

Define aqueous

Answer 1

Something that is water based; made with or containing water

Question 2

Define hydro-

Answer 2

A prefix that means water

Question 3

Define in-vitro

Answer 3

Medical study or experiment that is done in the laboratory within a test tube or laboratory dish

Question 4

Define in-vivo

Answer 4

Medical test or experiment done in a living organism

Question 5

Define disintegration

Answer 5

The breakdown of solid dosage forms into small particles

Question 6

Define dissolution

Answer 6

The process in which a substance forms a solution

Question 7

Define adsorption

Answer 7

The adhesion of molecules to a surface because of chemical or electrical attraction

Question 8

Define osmosis

Answer 8

A process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 9

Define passive diffusion

Answer 9

The movement of molecules down the concentration gradient

Question 10

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

A type of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier

Question 11

Define active transport

Answer 11

The movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration with the use of energy

Question 12

Define endocytosis

Answer 12

The process of actively transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane

Question 13

Define absorption

Answer 13

The process of a drug moving from its site of delivery into the bloodstream

Question 14

Define distribution

Answer 14

The movement of a drug to and from the blood and various tissues of the body

Question 15

Define metabolism

Answer 15

Chemical alteration and breakdown of a drug by the body

Question 16

Define excretion

Answer 16

The removal of drugs and their metabolites from the body

Question 17

Define half life

Answer 17

The time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce to half its original value
The half-life is used to estimate how long it takes for a drug to be removed from your body

Question 18

Define bioavailability

Answer 18

The rate and extent to which the active constituent of a drug is absorbed from a drug product and reaches the circulation, thereby accessing the site of action

Question 19

Define bioequivalence

Answer 19

The property of two things with identical active ingredients, possess similar bioavailability and produce the some effect at the site of physiological activity

Question 20

Define brand drug

Answer 20

A brand-name drug product is originally discovered and developed by a pharmaceutical company

Question 21

Define generic drugs

Answer 21

Contain the same active ingredients as the brand product, in the same dosage form, at the same dose or concentration, and for the same route of administration.
The drug may differ in color, shape, taste, inactive ingredients, preservatives and packaging

Question 22

Define drug manufacturing

Answer 22

The process of industrial scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs by pharmaceutical companies

Question 23

Define raw materials

Answer 23

Starting materials, reagents, and solvents intended for use in the production of drug products

Question 24

Define intermediate

Answer 24

Partly processed material which must undergo further manufacturing steps before it becomes a bulk product

Question 25

Define bulk product

Answer 25

Any product that has completed all processing stages up to, but not including, final packaging

Question 26

Define packaging

Answer 26

All operations, including filling and labeling, which a bulk product has to undergo in order to become a finished product

Question 27

Define labeling

Answer 27

Information on the immediate or outer packaging to identify a pharmaceutical product

Question 28

Define GMP

Answer 28

Good manufacturing practice, a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to qualify standards

Question 29

Define quality control

Answer 29

The procedures done to check or test that the quality of the drug product is meeting the required specifications

Question 30

Define in-process control

Answer 30

Checks performed during production in order to monitor and, if necessary, adjust the process to ensure that the finished product conforms to its specification

Question 31

Define batch

Answer 31

A specific amount of pharmaceutical product that is intended to have a uniform character and quality and is manufactured according to a single production order during the same manufacturing cycle

Question 32

Define contamination

Answer 32

The undesired introduction of impurities of a chemical or microbiological nature, or of foreign matter

Question 33

Define impurity

Answer 33

Any component present in the intermediate or product that is not the desired entity

Question 34

Define sterile

Answer 34

Free from the presence of viable microorganisms