Microbiology And Pharmacogenomics Terminology

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid → store of genetic information inside living cells and many viruses

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A long continuous pieces of DNA that carries genetic information

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Basic unit of inheritance located on a chromosome
A piece of DNA that contains the instructions for the production of a specific protein

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

A single-celled or multicellular organism which has a true membrane-bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Prokaryote

Answer 5

An organism that has a simple cell structure without a membrane bound nucleus or organelles

Question 6

Bacterium

Answer 6

A prokaryotic, single celled organism

Question 7

Flagellum

Answer 7

A long thin appendage present on the surface of some cells as bacteria and protoctista which enables movement

Question 8

Virus

Answer 8

An infectious particle that relies on the cellular machinery of the host cell to grow and replicate

Question 9

Viral envelope

Answer 9

A spikey coat that covers the virus’s protein coat or capsid

Question 10

Fungus

Answer 10

Eukaryotic
They range from single celled to very complex multicellular organisms

Question 11

Yeast

Answer 11

A single-celled fungus

Question 12

Inflammation

Answer 12

A reaction of tissue or irritation, injury, or infection
Beneficial process as it destroys or contains pathogen within a small area enabling the healing process to begin

Question 13

Antibody

Answer 13

A y-shaped protein made by certain white blood cells which is produced by the body’s immune system in response to a foreign substance

Question 14

Antigen

Answer 14

A foreign substance such as a pathogen that stimulates the body’s immune system to produce antibodies

Question 15

Lysis

Answer 15

The physical rupture of a cell

Question 16

Normal body flora

Answer 16

The microorganisms that live on another living organism without causing disease

Question 17

Pathogen

Answer 17

An organism that causes diseases

Question 18

Protein

Answer 18

A folded long-chain molecule consisting of amino acids.
Each protein has a special function
Required for structure, function, regulation of an organism’s cells, tissues and organs

Question 19

Amino acid

Answer 19

The basic building block of a protein

Question 20

Spore

Answer 20

Dormant stage in an organisms life cycle
Enable survival of adverse conditions, distribution, and reproduction

Question 21

Toxin

Answer 21

Any substance that is poisonous to other organisms

Question 22

Vaccine

Answer 22

A special type of medication to increase immunity to a particular disease

Question 23

Antibiotic

Answer 23

A chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria and is used to treat bacterial infections