respiratory anatomy Flashcards
anatomy of the respiratory tract: recall the structures of the respiratory tract and explain their respiratory and protective functions, including alveoli, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx and nasal cavities
what separates the 2 halves of nasal cavity
nasal septum
what is the nasal septum made from
cartilage
what lines the nasal septum and what is its innervation
olfactory mucosa which has trigeminal nerve V innervation, allowing sense of smell
what are present at the top of the nasal cavity
oflactory bulb and tract, from which olfactory nerves arise
structure of lateral wall of paranasal air sinus cavity
3 concha ridges
where does the frontal sinus present in paranasal air sinuses
above eyes (frontal bone)
in paranasal air sinuses, where is sphenoidal sinus found
in sphenoid bone below pituitary gland
in paranasal air sinuses, where are ethmoid air cells found
high in cavity either side of septum
what have openings to sinus above upper teeth and why
maxillae, with opening high up inside maxillary sinus so any infection/mucous cannot leave via opening
role of sinuses
lighten skull, affect resonant quality of voice, protect brain by acting as crumple zones and insulation
role of concha
increase SA of nasl mucosa to condition air (warms/cools air, mositens air, captures particulates/bacteria) before reaching lungs
what is phaynx located between
top of nasal cavity to opening of larynx
3 areas of pharynx
nasopharynx (nasal cavity to end of soft palate), oropharynx (soft palate to epiglottis), laryngopharynx (epiglottis to opening of airway)
what bone does larynx and thryoid cartilage, and epiglottis attach
hyoid bone
what joines inferior cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage
cricothyroid ligaments
2 functions of vocal ligaments
vibrate to cause sound generation, form sphincter to stop anything other than air going to airways
diagram of larynx cartilages
benjis
shape of trachea cartilage embedded in wall
horseshoe (deficient posteriorly)
what muscle connects the horseshoe cartilage of trachea posteriorly
trachealis
what lies at the back of the trachea
oesophageal muscle
where does trachea divide to become right and left primary bronchi
at carina at angle of Louis
what are bronchi held open by
cartilage horseshoes and plates, with surface tension reduced by surfactant
where do inhaled objects usually enter
inferior lobe of right lung as right bronchi is more vertical
what are bronchopulmonary segments supplied by
tertiary bronchi and corresponding artery and vein
structure of bronchioles and significance
no cartilage so can present in asthma and related conditions
bronchiole resistance
high as smaller diamter however many more so overall low resistance vs generation 4
diagram of lung
benjis
what is costodiaphragmatic recess
space beneath lungs to expand downwards towards abdomen
