lung cancer

Question 1

bronchus histology

Answer 1

ciliated epithelium, goblet cells, supported by cartilage

Question 2

bronchioles histology

Answer 2

ciliated epithelium, goblet cells, no cartilage

Question 3

where does lung cancer arise

Answer 3

anywhere in lung (large airways, terminal airways, alveoli)

Question 4

why does lung cancer arise

Answer 4

smoking (75%), asbestos exposure, radiation (radon/therapeutic), genetic predisposition, heavy metals (chromates, arsenic, nickel)

Question 5

development of carcinomas

Answer 5

multistep accumulation of mutations resulting in disordered growth, loss of cell adhesion, invasion of tissue by tumour, angiogenesis

Question 6

what cell types do carcinomas occur in

Answer 6

epithelial and stem cells (different pathways for different tumours, with some early stages being reversible)

Question 7

what gene suppresses cell proliferation in tumours

Answer 7

p53

Question 8

what does smoking do to p53 gene

Answer 8

prevents it from working, allowing uncontrolled proliferation