gas transport

Question 1

pH, PCO2 and base excess in respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

low pH, high PCO2, normal base excess

Question 2

pH, PCO2 and base excess in respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

high pH, low PCO2, normal base excess

Question 3

pH, PCO2 and base excess in metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

low pH, normal PCO2, low base excess

Question 4

pH, PCO2 and base excess in metabolic alkalosis

Answer 4

high pH, normal PCO2, high base excess

Question 5

define respiratory failure

Answer 5

failure of pulmonary gas exchange, causing V/Q inequality

Question 6

features type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 6

hypoxic respiratory failure with normal CO2 and low O2 (hypoventilation/diffusion issue allowing CO2 to diffuse out easily but O2 moving in is impaired)

Question 7

3 causes of type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 7

pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, atelectasis

Question 8

featues of type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 8

hypercapnic respiratory failure of getting gas into alveoli causing low CO2 and O2 (O2 has greater concentration gradient so still partially exchanged, but CO2 has lower concentration gradient so it cannot leave alveoli); may be V/Q mismatch if pulmonary vessels not perfused well

Question 9

4 causes of type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 9

pulmonary fibrosis, neuromuscular disease, obesity, increased dead space (increased CO2 production and/or decreased elimination)