Respiratory anatomy

Question 1

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

Answer 1

– Providing extensive surface area between air and blood – Movement of air to and from the exchange surfaces between blood and lung – Protection from pathogens and dehydration of lining

Question 2

What are the functions of the pharynx?

Answer 2

• Passageway for air and food • Resonating chamber for speech • Immunological response

Question 3

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 3

Stop the air flow being restricted by the pressure of the chest.

Question 4

Features of alveoli

Answer 4

Very large surface area (80 m2) for gas exchange

Question 5

What is in the respiratory membrane?

Answer 5

1. Alveolar wall 2. Epithelial basement membrane (alveoli) 3. Capillary basement membrane 4. Endothelial cells of capillary wall

Question 6

What type of process is inhalation?

Answer 6

Active

Question 7

What muscles have to contraction form inhalation?

Answer 7

Diaphragm intercostal muscles accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor and scalene muscles) increase the speed and amount of rib movement

Question 8

What type of process is exhalation usually?

Answer 8

Passive

Question 9

When exhalation is active what muscles are used?

Answer 9

Intercostal and transverse muscles depress the ribs and depth of thoracic cavity. All the abdominal muscles force the diaphragm upwards.

Question 10

What are the majority of the diaphragms muscle fiber type?

Answer 10

type 1 (roughly 55%)

Question 11

What are external intercostals used for when breathing?

Answer 11

inspiratory (breathing in)

Question 12

What are internal intercostals used for when breathing?

Answer 12

expiratory (breathing out)

Question 13

How do external intercostals attach?

Answer 13

extend for the tubercles of the ribs behind to the cartilage of the ribs in front and up.

Question 14

How do internal intercostals attach?

Answer 14

commence at the sternum between the ribs, extend backwards between ribs through the vertebral column. (bottom to the top of the next rib)

Question 15

What are the layers of the heart wall?

Answer 15

1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Parietal pericardium
3. Pericardial cavity
4. Visceral pericardium
5. Myocardium
6. Endocardium

Question 16

Name the parts of the heart

Answer 16

1. Superior vena cava
2. Aorta
3. Pulmonary trunk
4. Left pulmonary arteries
5. Left pulmonary veins
6. Left atrium
7. Pulmonary valve
8. Mitral valve
9. Left ventricle
10. Inferior vena cava
11. Right ventricle
12. Tricuspid vavle
13. Right atrium
14. Right pulmonary veins