Blood

Question 1

Why do we have blood?

Answer 1

Transport
Regulation
Protection

Question 2

What does the blood transport?

Answer 2

Gases
Nutrients
Wastes

Question 3

What does the blood regulate?

Answer 3

pH
Body temperature
Osmotic balance

Question 4

What does the blood do to he protect the body?

Answer 4

Clotting

Immunity

Question 5

What percent of blood is plasma?

Answer 5

55 percent

Question 6

What percent of blood is formed elements?

Answer 6

45%

Question 7

What is in formed elements?

Answer 7

White blood cells
Platelets
Red blood cells

Question 8

What is the percentage breakdown of plasma?

Answer 8

91.5% water
7% plasma proteins
1.5% other solutes

Question 9

In the plasma what are the plasma proteins?

Answer 9

54% Albumins
38% immunoglobuins
7% Fibrinogen

Question 10

In the plasma what synthesise most of the proteins?

Answer 10

Hepatocytes

Question 11

In the plasma what does the other solutes consist of?

Answer 11

Electrolytes
Nutrients
Gases
Regulatory substance
Waste products

Question 12

What does the kidney/liver release when the blood has low oxygen levels? And why?

Answer 12

Erythopoietin (EPO)

To stimulate RBC production

Question 13

What do proerythroblasts start to produce?

Answer 13

Hemoglobin

Question 14

What escapes from the bone marrow into the blood?

Answer 14

Reticulocytes

Question 15

How long does it take for the remaining organelles to become mature RBC?

Answer 15

1-2 days

Question 16

How many RBC enter the blood stream per second?

Answer 16

2 million

Question 17

What is the only oxygen carrying protein in RBC?

Answer 17

Haemoglobin

Question 18

What is the shape of RBC and why?

Answer 18

Biconcave discs to increase surface area

Question 19

What is the structure and composition of RBC?

Answer 19

Strong, flexible plasma discs

No nucleus or other organelles

Question 20

What contains the haemoglobin?

Answer 20

Cytosol

Question 21

Why is blood red?

Answer 21

Haemoglobin is an iron rich pigment

Question 22

What does haemoglobin (Hb) do?

Answer 22

Binds to O2 in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and ‘delivers’ the O2 to tissues down it’s concentration gradient.

Question 23

How many ‘haeme’ groups does each RBC have and what do the do?

Answer 23

Four that each combines with 1 O2 molecule.

Question 24

What shuttles O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria?

Answer 24

Myoglobin

Question 25

What is the iron containing protein in the skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Answer 25

Globular

Question 26

How many iron atoms does myoglobin (Mb) contain?

Answer 26

1

Question 27

What has a higher affinity for O2, Mb or Hb?

Answer 27

Mb

Question 28

Why is it important for Mb to have a higher affinity to O2 than Hb?

Answer 28

Enables O2 transfer at low partial pressure of O2

Question 29

When does anemia occur?

Answer 29

There is not enough blood

The blood doesn’t have enough haemoglobin

Question 30

How is anemia treated?

Answer 30

Transfusion

Taking in more iron

Question 31

Describe WBC and it’s role

Answer 31

Fight infections
Large in size
Have a nucleus

Question 32

Describe platelets

Answer 32

Smallest part of blood
No nucleus
Disk shaped ‘fragments’

Question 33

How long do platelets function?

Answer 33

10 days

Question 34

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 34

Involved in clotting of blood (adhesion, activation, aggregation)

Question 35

Where are the cells of the blood produced?

Answer 35

Bone marrow