Respiratory Anatomy

Question 1

Attachments of diaphragm

Answer 1

anteriorly: xiphoid process of sternum
anterolaterally: costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
posteriorly: vertebral column

Question 2

openings in diaphragm

T8

Answer 2

IVC

terminal branches of right phrenic nerve

Question 3

openings in diaphram

T10

Answer 3

oesophagus

vagal trunks

Question 4

openings in diaphragm

T12

Answer 4

aorta
azygos vein
thoracic duct

Question 5

paralysis of diaphragm

Answer 5

inspiration: paralysed hemidiaphragm will go up (instead of down) -due to abdo contents pushing it up from other hemi
pushing stuff down

expiration: paralysed hemidiaphragm will go down (instead of up)- due to positive pressure in lung

Question 6

innervation of parietal pleura

Answer 6

costal pleura+ peripheral part of diaphragmatic pleura=intercostal nerves

mediastinal pleura + central part of diaphragmatic pleura= phrenic nerve

Question 7

parietal pleura pain

Answer 7

Mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura produce pain to root of neck and over the shoulder (C3-C5 dermatomes)

Question 8

Visceral pleura pain

Answer 8

may radiate to chest or back

Question 9

pleura and lungs vulnerable to injury at:

Answer 9

base of neck (apex of lung)
costovertebral angles
right infrasternal angle

Question 10

oblique fissure

Answer 10

6th costal cartilage to T2 vertebra spinous process

Question 11

horizontal fissure of right lung

Answer 11

4th costal cartilage to 4th rib

Question 12

bronchus and trachea

Answer 12

cartilage

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 13

bronchiole

Answer 13

no cartilage

simple cuboidal epitehleium

Question 14

For air to go from inside the alveoli into a RBC inside a capillary, it must go through:

Answer 14

• surfactant
• type 1 alveolar pneumocyte
• fused Basement membrane (a fusion of the basement membrane from the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium) . theres also tiny interstitial space bw these 2 membranes.
• Endotehlieum (lining of cap)
• plasma
• and then it gets to RBC

Question 15

upper resp system

Answer 15

nose pharynx larynx trachea

Question 16

lower resp system

Answer 16

CONDUCTING AIRWAYS
(bronchi bronchioles, terminal bronchioles)

RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS
(respiratory bronchioles alveoili

Question 17

bronchi:

Answer 17

primary (right n left main bronchus)
secondary (one to each lobe
tertiery (supply bronchipulmonavry segment

Question 18

right BRONCHUS

Answer 18

wider
shorter
more vertical

Question 19

right bronchus behind

Answer 19

SVC and pulmonary artery

Question 20

left bronchus behind

Answer 20

pulmonary artrey

pulmonary artery n left bfronchus under arch of aorta

Question 21

order of stuff

Answer 21

back to front:

azygous vein, oeso, aorta
bronchus/trachea on top
pulmonary artery on top
arch of aorta (going over everything so far from aorta in back)
superior vena cava same level as arch but on right. brachiocephaic veins above the the vessels sprouting on top of aorta

Question 22

alveolus types of cells

Answer 22

type 1 cell-squamous epithelial cells

type 2 - surfactnat secreting cell

type 3- macrophages

Question 23

left lung impressions

Answer 23

groove for arch of aorta
groove fro descending aorta
cardiac impression
cardiac nothch
lingula

Question 24

right lung impressions

Answer 24

groove for svc
groove for ivc
groover for arch of azygous vein

Question 25

lymph node at carina

Answer 25

infereior tracheo-bronchial (carinal) nodes