Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
Attachments of diaphragm
anteriorly: xiphoid process of sternum
anterolaterally: costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
posteriorly: vertebral column
openings in diaphragm
T8
IVC
terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
openings in diaphram
T10
oesophagus
vagal trunks
openings in diaphragm
T12
aorta
azygos vein
thoracic duct
paralysis of diaphragm
inspiration: paralysed hemidiaphragm will go up (instead of down) -due to abdo contents pushing it up from other hemi
pushing stuff down
expiration: paralysed hemidiaphragm will go down (instead of up)- due to positive pressure in lung
innervation of parietal pleura
costal pleura+ peripheral part of diaphragmatic pleura=intercostal nerves
mediastinal pleura + central part of diaphragmatic pleura= phrenic nerve
parietal pleura pain
Mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura produce pain to root of neck and over the shoulder (C3-C5 dermatomes)
Visceral pleura pain
may radiate to chest or back
pleura and lungs vulnerable to injury at:
base of neck (apex of lung)
costovertebral angles
right infrasternal angle
oblique fissure
6th costal cartilage to T2 vertebra spinous process
horizontal fissure of right lung
4th costal cartilage to 4th rib
bronchus and trachea
cartilage
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
bronchiole
no cartilage
simple cuboidal epitehleium
For air to go from inside the alveoli into a RBC inside a capillary, it must go through:
- surfactant
- type 1 alveolar pneumocyte
- fused Basement membrane (a fusion of the basement membrane from the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium) . theres also tiny interstitial space bw these 2 membranes.
- Endotehlieum (lining of cap)
- plasma
- and then it gets to RBC
upper resp system
nose pharynx larynx trachea
lower resp system
CONDUCTING AIRWAYS
(bronchi bronchioles, terminal bronchioles)
RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS
(respiratory bronchioles alveoili
bronchi:
primary (right n left main bronchus)
secondary (one to each lobe
tertiery (supply bronchipulmonavry segment
right BRONCHUS
wider
shorter
more vertical
right bronchus behind
SVC and pulmonary artery
left bronchus behind
pulmonary artrey
pulmonary artery n left bfronchus under arch of aorta
order of stuff
back to front:
azygous vein, oeso, aorta
bronchus/trachea on top
pulmonary artery on top
arch of aorta (going over everything so far from aorta in back)
superior vena cava same level as arch but on right. brachiocephaic veins above the the vessels sprouting on top of aorta
alveolus types of cells
type 1 cell-squamous epithelial cells
type 2 - surfactnat secreting cell
type 3- macrophages
left lung impressions
groove for arch of aorta groove fro descending aorta cardiac impression cardiac nothch lingula
right lung impressions
groove for svc
groove for ivc
groover for arch of azygous vein
lymph node at carina
infereior tracheo-bronchial (carinal) nodes
