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MED 2031 Wks 1-6 > GIT Pharmacology > Flashcards

GIT Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Ranitidine MOA

A

block H2 receptor,

reduce acid secretion

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2
Q

H2-receptor antagonists side effects

A

general stuff-headache, dizziness, skin rash, nausea, diarrhoea, confusion
impotence and gynaecomastia (rare)

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3
Q

H2-receptor antagonists beware

A

 Elimination mainly via kidneys-so if kidney issue then have to reduce dose

cimetidine interacts with CYP450 enzymes of the liver –ie it can interfere with other drugs

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4
Q

other antisecretory drugs for PUD

A

Antimuscarinics
Gastrin antagonists
Somatostatin analogues

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5
Q

PPI side effects

A

very safe, maybe headache, rash, dizziness, rarely gynecomastia and renal impairment

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6
Q

PPI MOA

A

irreversibly inactivating H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

=reduced secretion of HCl

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7
Q

PPI things to remember

A

Drug is inactive at a neutral pH, becomes activated in acidic environment

taken 1 hr before meal

dont giv in pt using antacid -wont work cos envrio will be neutral thanks to antacid

Inhibits CYP450 enzymes – drug interactions (but not all –prazoles do this)

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8
Q

PPI core drug

A

Esomeprazole

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9
Q

sucralfate

for PUD

A

creates a viscous coating on ulcer

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10
Q

Things that increase the defence side in PUD (aka Cytoprotective agents and mucosal strengtheners)

A 
	Sucralfate
	Prostaglandin analogues
 	Bismuth chelate
	Carbenoxolone
	Antacids
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11
Q

bismuth chelate side effect

A

may cause blackening of stools & tongue

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12
Q

PGE1 analogue (a Prostaglandin analogues) contraindicated in

A

pregnancy

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13
Q

carbenoxolone job-

this drug is a herbal thingy

A

promotes the production of mucus

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14
Q

Carbenoxolone AE

A

alkalosis, hypertension and

hypokalaemia

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15
Q

Antacid job

A

a weak base that neutralises the acid lol

also inhibit pepsinogen forming to pepsin

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16
Q

antacid side effect

A

Al3+ antacids-constipation

Mg2+ antacids- diarrhoea

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17
Q

antacid beware

A

antacid interacts with a lot of other drugs

SO avoid taking antacid 2 hrs before/after taking other drugs

18
Q

sucralfate -wen to take

A

1 hr before meals 4 times a day

Do not take antacids or meals within 30min of sucralfate – raised gastric pH alters action of sucralfate

19
Q

triple therapy

antibiotic treatment for PUD (first line)

A

PPI + metronidazole + amoxicillin or clarithromycin = triple therapy

20
Q

drugs promoting reflux-ie bad for GORD

A 
anticholinergics
• phosphodiesterase inhibitors
• nitrites
• calcium channel blockers
• dopamine agonists
21
Q

GORD treatment

A

PPIs (drug of choice)

antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, sucralfate

22
Q

osmotic laxatives

A

o Basically poorly absorbed salts or sugars that draw water into gut so that stuff moves faster.

o Risk of dehydration
o Can cause abdo cramps
o Avoid in kids/ renal damage

23
Q

bulk laxatives

A

o BULK LAXATIVES: Basically this sugar compound that is poorly digested and draws in water in lumen forming a bulky hydrated lump in lumen. This increase in mass is a stimulant for peristalsis to occur, water also helps as lubricant

24
Q

whats the Faecal softeners for constipation

A

– docusate sodium

25
Q

osmotic laxatives

A

o Basically poorly absorbed salts or sugars that draw water into draw water into the contents, softening it and allowing stuff to move faster.

o Risk of dehydration
o Can cause abdo cramps
o Avoid in kids/ renal damage

26
Q

bulk laxatives

eg metamucil

A

o BULK LAXATIVES: Basically this sugar compound that is poorly digested and draws in water in lumen forming a bulky hydrated lump in lumen. This increase in mass is a stimulant for peristalsis to occur, water also helps as lubricant

27
Q

whats the Faecal softeners for constipation

A

– docusate sodium

surfactant/detergent-like effect

28
Q

 Stimulant laxatives

A

increase electrolyte and water secretion by mucosa, increases peristalsis

aloe, enna, cascara, bisacodyl, glycerol suppositories

29
Q

Constipation treatemnt

A

purgatives.

30
Q

purgatives include:

A

laxatives
faecal softeners
stimulatant laxatives
D2 receptor antagonist

31
Q

Opioids e.g. loperamide job

Antidiarrhoeal Agent^

A

decreases activity of myenteric plexus

32
Q

diarrhoea treatment

A

fluid n electrolyte balance (glucose ‘drinks’ enhance Na+ (and water) absorption)

antiinfective agents eg antibiotic or antiviral
Traveller’s diarrhoea = E.coli

antidiarrhoeal agent -opioid
don’t give muscarinic antagonist

33
Q

treatment of vomiting

A

assess cause, replenish water/electrolytes

anti-emetic drugs

34
Q

anti-emetic drugs

A

Antimuscarinics
Antihistamines
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists
5-HT3 antagonsits

35
Q

anti-emetic drugs

A

Antimuscarinics
Antihistamines
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists
5-HT3 antagonsits

other:
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
Ginger
Carob bean
Cannabinoids
36
Q

antimuscarinics -for vomiting

A

Hyoscine
prophylaxis and treatment
Blocks ACh receptors

37
Q

antimuscarinics -for vomiting

A

Hyoscine
prophylaxis and treatment
MOA: Blocks ACh receptors
se:Blurred vision, urinary retention, decreased salivation, drowsiness

38
Q

Antihistamines -for vomitin

A

H1 receptor antagonists
(H2 is for peptic ulcers)

Not useful in chemotherapy induced

se:Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth

39
Q

Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists -for vomitin

A

e.g. domperidone

MOA;block D2 receptors in CTZ

40
Q

5-HT3 antagonsits-for vomiting

A

e.g. ondansetron
MOA:Works at CTZ, also has a peripheral action

Prevent vomiting in 70-80% of patients on
chemotherapy

Side Effects: constipation

41
Q

albendazole

A

drug of choice for mixed intestinal worm infections

MED 2031 Wks 1-6 (16 decks)

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