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MED 2031 Wks 1-6 > Abdomen pathologies > Flashcards

Abdomen pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

oesophageal varices

A

anastomosis bw oesophageal branch of LEFT GASTRIC VEIN and oesophageal branch of AZYGOUS VEIN is wat gets distended

consequence of portal hypertension, commonly due to cirrhosis (which is due to alcohol); patients have a strong tendency to develop bleeding.

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2
Q

FOREGUT:

A

from abdominal oesophagus to major duodenal papilla

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3
Q

MIDGUT

A

from major duodenal papilla to 2/3 distal colon

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4
Q

HINDGUT

A

from 2/3 distal colon to upper half way of anal canal

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5
Q

where does pain refer to for foregut?

A

epigastrium – T7-9 mainly T8

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6
Q

where does pain refer to for midgut?

A

umbilicus – T10

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7
Q

where does pain refer to for hindgut?

A

– T11-L1 mainly T12

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8
Q

4 anatomic constrictions of oesophagus

A

Pharynx joins oesophagus
arch of aorta crosses it
left main broncus crosses it
diagphragm

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9
Q

constrictions of oesophagus at pharynx join

A

C6. 15 cm away from teeth

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10
Q

constrictions of oesophagus at arch of aorta

A

T4. 22 cm away from teeth

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11
Q

constrictions of oesophagus at left main broncus

A

T5. 27 cm away from teeth

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12
Q

constrictions of oesophagus at diaphragm

A

T10

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13
Q

layers of stomach

A

• 3 muscle coats- innermost is oblique, longitudinal layer and circular

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14
Q

rectal varices

get hemorrhoids

A

anastomosis bw Superior rectal vein (portal) n

Middle & inferior rectal veins (systemic)

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15
Q

Umbilical varices ( get caput medusae)

A

anastomosis bw Paraumbilical veins (portal) n Superficial epigastric vein (systemic)

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16
Q

PUD

gastric ulcer can cause bleeding of which artery?

A

splenic

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17
Q

PUD

duodenal ulcer can cause bleeding of which artery?

A

– Gastroduodenal artery

18
Q

Duodenal ulcer most likely to form in

A

first part of duodenum

19
Q

causes of defective gastric acid secretion

A

surgical removal of stomach

autoimmune gastritis (achlorhydria =absence of HCL in stomach)

pernicious anaemia

neurological disturbance

20
Q

umbilical varices -wat veins?

A 
Paraumbilical veins (portal)
Superficial epigastric vein (systemic)
21
Q

umbilical varices -wat veins?

caput medusae

A 
Paraumbilical veins (portal)
Superficial epigastric vein (systemic)
22
Q

rectal varices -wat veins?

hemorroids

A

superior rectal vein (portal)

Middle & inferior rectal veins (systmeic

23
Q

in varices- wat is the clinical presentation

A

hematemesis

melena

24
Q

• The functional lower esophageal sphincter stops which disease process from occurring in the esophagus?

A

• The functional lower esophageal sphincter stops which disease process from occurring in the esophagus?
– Prevents metaplasia seen in Barrett’s esophagus

25
Q

mcburneys pnt tenderness

A

=acute appendicitis

26
Q

mcburneys pnt tenderness aka mcburnys sign

A

=acute appendicitis

27
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

medial to inferior epigastric vessels
• Organ goes through peritoneum and transversalis fascia (in inguinal triangle) to enter inguinal canal (usually only goes trhough medial third of inguinal canal)

28
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

• Organ goes through deep inguinal ring into inguinal canal

29
Q

wen lying down fluid accumulates in

A

hepatorenal (Morrison’s) pouch

30
Q

phrenicocolic ligament

A

Morrison’s pouch and the pouch of Douglas are connected on the right side by the right paracolic gutter; they are not connected on the left by the left paracolic gutter due to the presence of the phrenicocolic ligament which blocks this expressway. Thus, a perforated gastric ulcer would cause gastric fluid to go down the right side. If the perforation was below the phrenicocolic ligament on the left, the leaking contents would go down the left paracolic gutter.

31
Q

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

A

gallstones in common bile duct

32
Q

CHOLANGITIS/ASCENDING CHOLANGITIS

A

infection and inflammation of the bile ducts

33
Q

CHOLECYSTITIS/ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS

A

inflammation of gallbladder

34
Q

CHOLELITHIASIS

A

formation of gall stone in gall bladder

35
Q

in acute appendicitis can get

A

grey-turner sign- bruising on each flank

cullens sign- bruising around umbilicus

36
Q

Courvoisier’s sign

A

painlessly distended gallbladder- in pancreatic cancer

37
Q

strong RIF (right iliac fossa aka right iliac region) pain

A

appendicitis

38
Q

appendicitis signs

A

McBurney’s sign (mcburneys pnt=2/3 from umbilicus , and one third from ASIS), Rovsing’s sign, and rebound tenderness.

39
Q

constipation

A

pass stools less than 2 times per week
with straining more than 25% of the time
hard stool and incomplete evacuation

40
Q

gastroperesis (wat dan had)

A

main cause: diabetic autonomic neuropathy

MED 2031 Wks 1-6 (16 decks)

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