Respiratory Flashcards
Albuterol
short-acting B2 Agonist
rapid onset (5-30mins) and lasts 4-6 hrs
- quick relief
- no anti-inflammatory effects (not used alone)
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Levalbuterol
short-acting B2 Agonist
rapid onset (5-30mins) and lasts 4-6 hrs
- quick relief
- no anti-inflammatory effects (not used alone)
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Pirbuterol
short-acting B2 Agonist
rapid onset (5-30mins) and lasts 4-6 hrs
- quick relief
- no anti-inflammatory effects (not used alone)
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Formoterol
long-lasting B2 Agonist
- not for rapid effects, lasts 12 hours
- no anti-inflammatory effects
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Indacaterol
long-lasting B2 Agonist
- not for rapid effects, lasts 12 hours
- no anti-inflammatory effects
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Salmeterol
long-lasting B2 Agonist
- not for rapid effects, lasts 12 hours
- no anti-inflammatory effects
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Beclomethasone
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Budesonide
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Ciclesonide
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Flunisolide
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Fluticasone
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Mometasone
inhaled corticosteroid
- 1st choice for persistent asthma + taken everyday
- decrease inflammation/hyperresponsiveness of airway
HELLA AE!! (increased IOP, HTN, Cataracts)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
- nasal spray (local admin): nasal irritation, nosebleed, sore throat, candidiasis
Montelukast
anti-leukotriene: increases hepatic enzymes, HA, dyspepsia (indigestion)
blocks leukotriene effects
AE: behavior/mood changes (suicidal)
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
Zafirlukast
anti-leukotriene
AE: increases hepatic enzymes, HA, dyspepsia (indigestion)
blocks leukotriene effects
inhibits P450 - increases warfarin levels
Zileuton
anti-leukotriene: increases hepatic enzymes, HA, dyspepsia (indigestion)
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase to prevent leukotriene formation
inhibits P450 - increases warfarin levels
Cromolyn
Mast cell Stabilizer: blocks release of inflammatory mediators
prophylactic anti-inflammatory
- not for acute attacks
- short duration of action
- frequent daily dosing
Tx: Asthma + Allergic Rhinitis
Ipratropium
cholinergic antagonist: blocks contraction of smooth muscles innervated by vagus nerve - Bronchodilation
- slow onset with minimal AE
- less effective than B2 Agonist except when COPD
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Tiotropium
cholinergic antagonist: blocks contraction of smooth muscles innervated by vagus nerve - Bronchodilation
- slow onset with minimal AE
- less effective than B2 Agonist except when COPD
Tx: Asthma + COPD
Theophylline
increases cAMP and antagonizes adenosine receptors which leads to bronchodilation (decrease symptoms of chronic asthma)
AE: narrow TI, so an overdose can lead to fatal arrhythmias or seizures
Omalizumab
selectively binds to IgE and decreases release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils
very costly and reserved for people who don’t respond to other meds for Asthma
Cetirizine
anti-histamine: H1 blockers
- eye drops, nasal spray, OTC
AE: dry EYE + mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, sedation
Tx: Allergic Rhinitis
Diphenhydramine
anti-histamine: H1 blockers
- eye drops, nasal spray, OTC
AE: dry EYE + mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, sedation
Tx: Allergic Rhinitis
Fexofenadine
anti-histamine: H1 blockers
- eye drops, nasal spray, OTC
AE: dry EYE + mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, sedation
Tx: Allergic Rhinitis
Loratadine
anti-histamine: H1 blockers
- eye drops, nasal spray, OTC
AE: dry EYE + mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, sedation
Tx: Allergic Rhinitis
Alpha Agonists
Constricts dilated arterioles and reduces airway resistance to treat Allergic Rhinitis commonly with Antihistamine
Phenylephrine (short acting)
Oxymetazoline (long acting)
rapid onset but long term use (>3 days) can have rebound nasal congestion
Codeine
gold standard for suppression of cough by decreasing sensitivity of cough centers in the CNS to peripheral stimuli + decreases mucus secretion
lower dose than for analgesia
Tx: Cough
Dextromethorphan
morphine derivative but no analgesic effect at anti-tussive dosage
low addictive profile (can still be abused)
equally effective as codeine
Tx: Cough
Benzonatate
local anesthetic that anesthetizes respiratory passage to reduce cough reflex
Guaifenesin
Expectorant: facilitates the coughing up of mucus (makes coughing more productive)
decreases adhesiveness and surface tension of respiratory tract secretions and facilitates expectoration and decreases coughing
