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Systemic Pharm II > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Aspart

A

short-acting insulin

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2
Q

glulisine

A

short-acting insulin

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3
Q

Lispro

A

short-acting insulin

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4
Q

Humulin or Novolin

A

short-acting insulin produced by recombinant DNA

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5
Q

NPH

A

intermediate acting insulin

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6
Q

Detemir

A

long-acting insulin

enhanced association with albumin

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7
Q

Glargine

A

long-acting insulin

prolonged effect with no peak

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8
Q

Pramlintide***

A

synthetic Amylin analog: amylin is hormone that is released with insulin after a meal

adjunct to meal-time insulin as a separate injection to decrease glucagon and delay gastric emptying

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9
Q

Dulaglutide

A

GLP-1 Agonist = Incretin Mimetic

1x/week

increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying

AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis

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10
Q

Semaglutide

A

GLP-1 Agonist
1x/week

increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying

AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis

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11
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 Agonist

within 1 hr of meal

increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying

AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis

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12
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 Agonist
1x/day

increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying

AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis

contraindicated in FMHx of cancer***

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13
Q

Lixisenatide

A

GLP-1 Agonist

increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying

AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis

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14
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide (oral)

lowers glucose production in liver and increases body’s sensitivity to insulin

avoid in patients with poor liver function

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15
Q

Gliclazide

A

Sulfonylureas

helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells

preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain

AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects

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16
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylureas

helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells

preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain

AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects

17
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylureas

helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells

preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain

AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects

18
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylureas

helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells

preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain

AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects

19
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitinides

stimulate pancreas to release insulin faster - good for irregular meals

take 10-15 mins before meal

20
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinides

stimulate pancreas to release insulin faster

good option for patient with irregular meals
- DO NOT TAKE WITH sulfonyureas

21
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Agonist at PPA Receptor Gamma

decreases TG and increases HDL to improve whole body insulin sensitivity

  • releases insulin sensitive genes
  • monotherapy

AE: Weight gain, increased risk of heart disease, fluid retention
- worse if combined with insulin

22
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Agonist at Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma

increases HDL, TG, and LDL to improve whole body insulin sensitivity

  • releases insulin sensitive genes
  • monotherapy

AE: Weight gain, increased risk of heart disease, fluid retention
- worse if combined with insulin

23
Q

Acarbose + Miglitol

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors to minimize intestinal digestion and carb absorption

AE: avoid in kidney/liver disease and GI issues

24
Q

-GLIPTIN

A

DPP-4 inhibitors to increase insulin secretion and decrease glucagon production

AE: HA and nasopharyngitis

25
Q

-FOZIN

A

sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor to prevent kidneys from absorbing sugar into blood, glucose excreted into urine

AE: UTI or yeast infection, increased urine, hypotension

canaglifozin: may increase risk of lower leg amputation

Systemic Pharm II (17 decks)

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