Diabetes Flashcards
Aspart
short-acting insulin
glulisine
short-acting insulin
Lispro
short-acting insulin
Humulin or Novolin
short-acting insulin produced by recombinant DNA
NPH
intermediate acting insulin
Detemir
long-acting insulin
enhanced association with albumin
Glargine
long-acting insulin
prolonged effect with no peak
Pramlintide***
synthetic Amylin analog: amylin is hormone that is released with insulin after a meal
adjunct to meal-time insulin as a separate injection to decrease glucagon and delay gastric emptying
Dulaglutide
GLP-1 Agonist = Incretin Mimetic
1x/week
increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying
AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis
Semaglutide
GLP-1 Agonist
1x/week
increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying
AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis
Exenatide
GLP-1 Agonist
within 1 hr of meal
increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying
AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis
Liraglutide
GLP-1 Agonist
1x/day
increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying
AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis
contraindicated in FMHx of cancer***
Lixisenatide
GLP-1 Agonist
increases insulin release, decrease glucagon, delay emptying
AE: HA, N, D, Pancreatitis
Metformin
Biguanide (oral)
lowers glucose production in liver and increases body’s sensitivity to insulin
avoid in patients with poor liver function
Gliclazide
Sulfonylureas
helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells
preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain
AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects
Glimepiride
Sulfonylureas
helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells
preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain
AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects
Glipizide
Sulfonylureas
helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells
preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain
AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects
Glyburide
Sulfonylureas
helps body secrete insulin by binding to receptors in beta cells
preferred medication for not overweight patients bc it causes weight gain
AE: hypoglycemia (more risk with irregular meals and ETOH)
- skin reaction, cardiac effects
Nateglinide
Meglitinides
stimulate pancreas to release insulin faster - good for irregular meals
take 10-15 mins before meal
Repaglinide
Meglitinides
stimulate pancreas to release insulin faster
good option for patient with irregular meals
- DO NOT TAKE WITH sulfonyureas
Pioglitazone
Agonist at PPA Receptor Gamma
decreases TG and increases HDL to improve whole body insulin sensitivity
- releases insulin sensitive genes
- monotherapy
AE: Weight gain, increased risk of heart disease, fluid retention
- worse if combined with insulin
Rosiglitazone
Agonist at Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
increases HDL, TG, and LDL to improve whole body insulin sensitivity
- releases insulin sensitive genes
- monotherapy
AE: Weight gain, increased risk of heart disease, fluid retention
- worse if combined with insulin
Acarbose + Miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors to minimize intestinal digestion and carb absorption
AE: avoid in kidney/liver disease and GI issues
-GLIPTIN
DPP-4 inhibitors to increase insulin secretion and decrease glucagon production
AE: HA and nasopharyngitis
-FOZIN
sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor to prevent kidneys from absorbing sugar into blood, glucose excreted into urine
AE: UTI or yeast infection, increased urine, hypotension
canaglifozin: may increase risk of lower leg amputation
