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Systemic Pharm II > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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2
Q

H. Pylori Infection Dx

A

urea breath or biopsy

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3
Q

Bismuth Compounds (Peptobismol)

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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4
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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5
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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6
Q

Tetracycline

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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7
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain

inhibits CP450 - increases warfarin

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8
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • most potent
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9
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • no liver metabolism so 100% bioavailable
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10
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • longer acting, more potent than cimetidine and current FDA voluntary recall (found NMDA)
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11
Q

Dicyclomine

A

antimuscarinic agent

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12
Q
  • PRAZOLE
  • class?
  • used for?
  • AE?
  • what are they?
A

Proton Pump Inhibitor: bind to proton pump to inhibit H+ secretion and decreases gastric acid

  • if no h. pylori infection, use these drugs!!
  • # 1 choice for stress ulcers and prophylaxis of heartburn
  • Tx: erosive esophagitis, active duodenal ulcer, hypersecretory conditions (chronically), and GERD

AE: HA, N, D, long term use may lead to fractures

Prodrugs: have acid-resistant enteric coat, absorbed in duodenum and transported to parietal cells to active form
- CANNOT take with drugs that decrease acid because it will decrease the conversion to active drug metabolites

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13
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin E Analog that will treat ulcers produced by NSAID use
- Contraindicated in pregnancy because it causes uterine contractions and dislodging in fetus

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14
Q

PGE

A

produced by the gastric mucosa to inhibit HCI secretion and stimulate mucus/bicarbonate production

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15
Q

Omeprazole

A

interferes with warfarin

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16
Q

Antacids

A

weak bases that react with gastric acid to form water and salts and decreases pepsin activity (inactivates when pH is less than 4)

better on full stomach

symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease + GERD

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17
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

antacid

AE: constipation

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18
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

Antacid

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19
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Antacid

AE: diarrhea

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20
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Antacid

AE: systemic alkalosis

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21
Q

Mucusal Protective Agent (MPA)

A

prevent mucosal injury, decrease inflammation and help heal ulcers

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22
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

Antimicrobial actions (inhibit growth), inhibit pepsin, increase mucus secretion, coat and protect ulcer crater

MPA

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23
Q

Sucralfate

  • what does it do
  • tx?
  • need?
A

MPA

complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose that forms gel with epithelial cells to cover injury and impairs HCI diffusion

stimulates prostaglandin secretion

NOT GIVEN WITH PPI, H2 BLOCKER, ANTACIDS because it needs an acidic environment to work with

Tx: stress-related gastritis

24
Q

5 Primary Inputs of Nausea/Vomit

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ): in area postrema outside of BBB
- DA/5HT/Neurokinin-1/Opioid Receptors

Pharynx: Vagus Nerve (gag reflex)

Vestibular Apparatus (inner ear): Motion Sickness
- Histamine and Muscarinic Receptors

GI Tract
- 5HT Receptors

Cerebral Cortex: Psychological
- reaction from stress, anticipation, psychiatric disorders

25
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Anti-psychotic

DA Antagonist that blocks DA/Histamine/Muscarinic at CTZ
- effective against mild/low emetogenic agents

AE: sedation, hypotension, EPS

26
Q

Promethazine

A

Anti-Histamine

DA Antagonist that blocks DA/Histamine/Muscarinic at CTZ
- effective against mild/low emetogenic agents

AE: sedation, hypotension, EPS

27
Q

Haloperidol

A

DA Antagonist

AE: prolongs QT interval which leads to arrhythmias

last choice drug

28
Q

Droperidol

A

DA Antagonist

AE: prolongs QT interval which leads to arrhythmias

last choice drug

29
Q

Metoclopramide

A

DA Antagonist

AE: sedation, Diarrhea, EPS

30
Q

-SETRON

A

5-HT3 (5HT Antagonists)

effective against all agents + from GI but NOT motion sickness

AE: HA and prolongs QT interval

31
Q

Aprepitant

A

Substance P / Neurokinin-1 Blocker

can work alone but usually with dexmethasone and palonesetron

AE: constipation and fatigue

very effective with high emetogenic agents

32
Q

Dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid

combos are common and may involve blockage of prostaglandin

33
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Corticosteroid

34
Q

Dronabinol

A

THC derivative

binds to CNS cannabinoids receptors

35
Q

Aprazolam

A

BZD

  • has low antiemetic potency and effectiveness mainly from sedative properties
  • good for anticipatory vomit
36
Q

Lorazepam

A

BZD

  • has low antiemetic potency and effectiveness mainly from sedative properties
  • good for anticipatory vomit
37
Q

Diarrhea

A

caused by increase in motility in GI and decreased absorption of fluid

38
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Anti-motility agent

  • opioid-like actions in gut that decrease Ach release and peristalsis
  • lacks analgesic effect

prolonged use can lead to dependence

39
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-motility agent

  • opioid-like actions in gut that decrease Ach release and peristalsis
  • lacks analgesic effect

prolonged use can lead to dependence

40
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

Adsorbent: molecules adhere to surface to treat diarrhea

  • adsorb intestinal toxins and or coating the intestinal mucosa
  • can interfere with absorption of other drugs

AND

Antacid: causes constipation

41
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Adsorbent: molecules adhere to surface

  • adsorb intestinal toxins and or coating the intestinal mucosa
  • can interfere with absorption of other drugs

AND

Bulk Laxative: form gel with intestine to increase water retention and peristalsis

42
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

Fluid/Electrolyte Transport
- decreases fluid secretion to treat diarrhea

Antimicrobial Agent (h.pylori infection)

MPA: inhibit pepsin activity and increase mucus secretion

43
Q

Laxative

A

increases movement of food through GI which can decrease effect of drugs
- cause electrolyte imbalance and potential for dependency (except lubipristone)

44
Q

Bisacodyl

A

stimulates colon and can cause cramping

- do not use with meds that increase gastric pH because if it dissolves in stomach = pain

45
Q

Castor Oil

A

irritates stomach and increases peristalsis

  • avoid in pregnancy because it stimulates pregnancy
46
Q

Senna

A

stimulant that causes bowel evacuation and electrolyte secretion to treat constipation

47
Q

Docusate

A

stool softener mainly for prevention of constipation

48
Q

Glycerin Suppositories

A

lubricant laxative for constipation

49
Q

Mineral Oil

A

lubricant laxative for constipation

50
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Bulk Laxative that forms gel in large intestines to cause water retention and intestinal distention
- increases peristalsis

51
Q

Psyllium

A

Bulk Laxative that forms gel in large intestines to cause water retention and intestinal distention
- increases peristalsis

52
Q

Magnesium Citrate

A

Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis

Saline and Osmotic Laxative

53
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Saline and Osmotic Laxative - Treat Constipation
-Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis

AND

Antacid: causes diarrhea

54
Q

Polyethylene Glycol

A

Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis

Saline and Osmotic Laxative

55
Q

Lactulose

A

Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis

Saline and Osmotic Laxative

56
Q

Lubiprostone

A 
Chloride Channel Activator
- increase fluid secretion in intestinal lumen
- less change in electrolytes
- used chronically bc no dependence
- minimal drug interactions 
AE: nausea

Systemic Pharm II (17 decks)

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