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Anatomy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What will the head of rib 7 articulate with?

A

Vertebral body of T6 and T7

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2
Q

What does the costal sulcus contain?

A

Intercostal veins, arteries and nerves

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3
Q

What ribs are true ribs?

A

1-7

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4
Q

What ribs are false ribs?

A

8-10

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5
Q

What ribs are floating?

A

11 and 12

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6
Q

What is the atypical true rib?

A

First rib

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7
Q

What are the grooves on the first rib?

A

Post -> Ant = Subclavian artery, scalene anterior, subclavian vein

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8
Q

What type of joints are costochondral joints?

A

Primary cartilaginous

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9
Q

What type of joints are costovertebral and costotransverse joints?

A

Synovial plane/gliding

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10
Q

What forms the vertebral arch?

A

2 x peduncles and 2 x laminae

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11
Q

What forms the subcostal angle?

A

Ribs 7-10

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12
Q

What is primarily used for breathing in newborns?

A

Diaphragm

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13
Q

What muscles are located in the intercostal space from superficial to deep?

A

External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle

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14
Q

What direction do the fibres of the intercostal muscles run?

A 
External = anteromedial
Internal = posterolateral
Innermost = posterolateral
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15
Q

Between which muscles does the neuromuscular bundle lie?

A

Between internal and innermost (VAN)

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16
Q

Where is the neuromuscular bundle located in relation to the ribs?

A

Inferior

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17
Q

Where would you insert a chest drain?

A

Above 5th rib mid-axillary line

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18
Q

Where does 75% of lymph from the breasts drain?

A

Anterior (pectoral) group of axillary lymph nodes

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19
Q

Where is the base of the breast normally located?

A

Between ribs 2-6

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20
Q

At what levels are the diaphragmatic openings/

A

T8 - Vena cava
T10 - Oesophageal hiatus
T12 - Aortic hiatus

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21
Q

What shape is the central tendon of the oesophagus?

A

Clover

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22
Q

What level does the left crus of the diaphragm extend?

A

L1-2

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23
Q

What level does the left crus of the diaphragm extend?

A

L1-3

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24
Q

What covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Parietal pleura

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25
Q

What dies the canal opening of the diaphragm do?

A

Assists venous return during inspiration

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26
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

Abnormal protrusion into throat through tear or weakness in diaphragm

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27
Q

What is the innervation to the diaphragm?

A 
Phrenic nerves (C3,4,5)
Lower intercostal nerves
28
Q

At what level is the larynx?

A

C3-6

29
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

Vagus

30
Q

At what level is the hypoid bone?

A

C3

31
Q

At what level is the cricoid cartilage and start of the trachea?

A

C6

32
Q

At what level is the thyroid cartilage?

A

C4

33
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis?

A

Elastic

34
Q

What is the blood supply to the lower respiratory tract?

A

Bronchial arteries from thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries

35
Q

What veins drain the lower respiratory tract?

A

Bronchial veins into azygous

36
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4

37
Q

What muscle is posterior to the trachea?

A

Trachealis

38
Q

Which bronchus is shorter?

A

Right

39
Q

Where are bronchomediastinal lymph nodes located?

A

At the hilum

40
Q

How many lobes are there in the right lung?

A

3

41
Q

Where is the lingual and cardiac notch located?

A

Left lung

42
Q

Between which ribs is the cardiac notch located?

A

4-6

43
Q

What are the names of the fissure of the lungs?

A

Oblique (in both) and transverse (in right)

44
Q

What is the root of the hilum?

A

Group of structures that enter/leave the hilum

45
Q

Describe the structures in the root of the hilum.

A

Artery = anterior
Bronchus = posterior
Superior pulmonary vein = superior
Inferior pulmonary vein = inferior

46
Q

What is the apex of the lung covered in?

A

Sibson’s fascia

47
Q

Why can injuries to the neck damage the lungs?

A

The lungs extend above the first ribs

48
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in the right and left lungs?

A 
Right = 10 
Left = 8 or 9
49
Q

Describe the pulmonary circulation from deoxygenated blood in the RV.

A

RV -.> pulmonary artery -> lungs (oxygenation) -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> Aorta -> rest of body

50
Q

What part of the pleura is sensitive to pain?

A

Parietal

51
Q

What pleural layer enters and lines the fissures?

A

Visceral

52
Q

Excluding the visceral and parietal pleura, what other pleura are there?

A

Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Costal
Apical/cervical

53
Q

What is a prothorax?

A

Pus in pleural space

54
Q

What is the name of the two pleural recesses caused by reflection sand expiration.

A
  1. Costodiaphragmatic

2. Costomediastinal

55
Q

What recess is used to aspirate a pleural effusion and where is it located?

A

Costodiaphragmatic at T9 above rib

56
Q

What supplies the mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic nerve

57
Q

What supplies the rest of the parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerves

58
Q

Where can you aspirate a pericardial effusion?

A

Between ribs 4-6 anteriorly at the cardiac notch

59
Q

What are the levels of the lung and parietal pleura at the midclavicular, midaxillary and mid scapular lines respectively?

A

Lung 6, 8, 10

Parietal pleura 8, 10, 12

60
Q

How many intercostal spaces of a difference is there between the lungs and parietal pleura?

A

2

61
Q

What rib does the oblique fissure follow the course of?

A

6

62
Q

What rib does the oblique fissure follow the course of?

A

4

63
Q

The posterior border of each lung extends from and to what levels?

A

C7-T10

64
Q

Describe the change in hyaline cartilage from the trachea to the bronchioles.

A 
Trachea = rings
Bronchi = small plates
Bronchioles = no cartilage
65
Q

Where does no gas exchange occur?

A

Terminal bronchioles

Anatomy (11 decks)

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