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Anatomy > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What can be found in the superior mediastinum (T1-4)?

A

Aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, left subclavian, left common carotid

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2
Q

What can be found in the inferior mediastinum (T5-8)?

A

Vagus n, phrenic n, trachea, oesophagus

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3
Q

What can be found in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart, great vessels

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4
Q

What can be found in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Descending aorta, oesophagus, thoracic duct, azygous vein. sympathetic chain

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart usually located?

A

5th left intercostal space midclavicular line

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6
Q

What forms the anterior surface of the heart?

A

RV

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7
Q

What forms the posterior surface of the heart?

A

LA

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8
Q

At what vertebral level is the aortic arch located?

A

T4

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9
Q

At what vertebral level is the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta located?

A

L4

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10
Q

At what vertebral level is the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries located?

A

L5

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11
Q

Describe the branches of the aortic arch from medial to lateral.

A

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

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12
Q

What branch of the descending thoracic aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal, bronchial, oesophageal and pericardial arteries

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13
Q

At what vertebral level do the common iliac arteries arise?

A

L4

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14
Q

At what vertebral level does the external iliac arteries arise?

A

L5-S1

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15
Q

What does the posterior intercostal veins drain into?

A

Azygous vein

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16
Q

At what level does the hemiazygous vein on the left side drain into the azygous vein?

A

T8/9

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17
Q

What do the anterior intercostal veins drain in to?

A

Internal thoracic vein

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18
Q

What do the anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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19
Q

Describe the main arteries of the upper limbs.

A

Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> radial and ulnar

20
Q

Describe the veins if the upper limb.

A

Basilic vein (medial) and cephalic vein (lateral) –> median cubital vein at the cubital fossa –> deep veins –> SVC

21
Q

At the inguinal canal, what is the order of the vessels from medial to lateral.

A

V, A, N

22
Q

Describe the main arteries of the lower limb.

A

External iliac -> superficial femoral -> political -> anterior and posterior tibial -> dorsals pedis

23
Q

Describe the deep veins of the lower limb.

A

External iliac -> femoral vein -> popliteal vein -> posterior tibial vein, anterior tibial vein and fibular vein

24
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

Great and small saphenous

25
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium/visceral layer of serous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal layer of serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium

26
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Anchors to surrounding walls and prevent overfilling with blood.

27
Q

What innervates the pericardium?

A

T1-4 and vagus via cardiac plexus –> visceral pleura and myocardium

Phrenic nerve –> parietal and fibrous layers (pain)

28
Q

What heart chamber is anterior to the oesophagus?

A

LA

29
Q

What is the function of the left and right auricles of the heart?

A

Increase capacity of atria and therefore, increase volume of blood

30
Q

What structures are seen in the right atria?

A

Christa terminalis
Musculi pectinate
Opening of coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis

31
Q

What structures are seen in the right ventricle?

A

Chordae tendinae
Moderator band
Trabecullae carnea

32
Q

What is the function of the moderator band?

A

Prevent over distension of ventricle

33
Q

What chamber has the thickest wall?

A

LV

34
Q

How many valves does the mitral valve contain?

A

2 valves attached to 2 papillary muscles

35
Q

What are the main coronary arteries of the heart?

A

LAD
Right
Posterior interventricular
Curcumflex

36
Q

Name the vein that travels with the LAD.

A

Great cardiac vein

37
Q

Name the vein that travels with the right marginal artery.

A

Small cardiac vein

38
Q

What artery comes off the tight coronary artery?

A

Right marginal artery

39
Q

What artery lies within the atrioventricular sulcus?

A

Right coronary artery

40
Q

What arteries anastomose posteriorly in the atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus?

A

Right coronary artery and circumflex

41
Q

Name the vein that travels with the posterior inter ventricular artery.

A

Middle cardiac vein

42
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located and what is it’s function?

A

Lies posterior alongside the circumflex artery in the coronary sulcus and drains directly into the right atrium

43
Q

What are the venae cords minimae?

A

Small veins which drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart

44
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the heart drain?

A

Tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes

45
Q

What innervates the heart wall?

A 
SNS = T1-4
PNS = Vagus

*via cardiac plexus

46
Q

Why is there referred pain in anterior chest wall and medial side of arm in angina?

A

T2 dermatome

Anatomy (11 decks)

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