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Physio > Respiratory-4 > Flashcards

Respiratory-4 Flashcards

1
Q

at steep area of curve, a small reduction in po2 results in

A

large increase in unloading

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2
Q

areas of the body with lowest po2 are the most

A

o2 deprived

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3
Q

right shifts __ unloading

A

increase

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4
Q

left shifts __ unloading

A

decrease

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5
Q

left shifts __ loading

A

favor

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6
Q

when under conditions of low o2 (hypoxia) you produce more

A

dpg

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7
Q

dpg favors

A

unloading

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8
Q

right shift favors

A

unloading

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9
Q

anemia results in __ production

A

dpg

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10
Q

compound produced by rbcs in response to hypoxia

A

dpg

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11
Q

fetal hb __ shifted as compared to adult hb

A

left

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12
Q

can fetal hb bind dpg

A

no

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13
Q

when does adult hb production begin

A

at birth

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14
Q

where is total arterial o2 context found

A

dissolved in plasma & bound to hb

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15
Q

o2 bound to hb determined by

A

% saturation of hb X total # of binding sites

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16
Q

total # of binding sites depends on

A

hb content per rbc & # of rbcs

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17
Q

% saturation of hb affected by

A

ph, co2, temp & dpg

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18
Q

o2 dissolved in plasma influenced by

A

composition of inspired air, alveolar ventilation, o2 diffused between alveoli & blood, & adequate perfusion of alveoli

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19
Q

alveolar ventilation affected by

A

rate/depth breathing, airway resistance, & lung compliance

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20
Q

o2 diffusion between alveoli & blood affected by

A

SA & diffusion distance

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21
Q

diffusion distance affected by

A

membrane thickness & amount of interstitial fluid

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22
Q

S hb aka

A

sickled hb

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23
Q

cause of sickling

A

substitution of a single amino acid (valine for glutamate)

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24
Q

more sickling results in

A

lowered o2 delivery

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25
Q

sickle trait can be homozygous or heterozygous

A

t

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26
Q

muscle myoglobin similar to

A

hb

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27
Q

how many heme groups in muscle myoglobin

A

4

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28
Q

muscle myoglobin has __ affinity for o2 than hb

A

higher

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29
Q

o2 released only when po2 low or high

A

very low

30
Q

o2 released during systole or diastole

A

systole

31
Q

do2 hb has __ affinity for co2 than oxygenated hb

A

greater

32
Q

co2 a bi-product of

A

metabolism

33
Q

what are the forms in which co2 is transported

A

as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb, as carbamino compounds, & as dissolved gas

34
Q

how is co2 transported as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb?

A

co2 enters rbc -> combines w h2o -> converts to carbonic acid -> carbonic acid dissociates into bicarb & a h ion

35
Q

__% of co2 carried as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb

A

70

36
Q

co2 catalyzed by what enzyme which is found in huge quantities in rbc

A

carbonic anhydrase

37
Q

__% of co2 binds to hb

A

23

38
Q

co2 binds same site as o2

A

false; completely diff site

39
Q

o2 & co2 do not compete w each other

A

t

40
Q

what form of hb has affinity for co2

A

do2 form of hb

41
Q

__% of co2 exists dissolved in plasma aka

A

7; pco2

42
Q

co2 loading refers to

A

getting it out of tissues & bringing it to lungs to get rid of it

43
Q

tissue fluid contains high amounts of

A

co2

44
Q

most co2 reacts w

A

water to form bicarb & h ions

45
Q

occurs slowly in plasma but quick in rbc due to presence of

A

carbonic anhydrase

46
Q

antiporter (chloride-bicard exchanger) pumps __ out of rbc in exchange for __ in

A

bicarb; chloride

47
Q

h ions buffered by

A

binding to deoxy hb

48
Q

rate of co2 loading adjusted by need

A

t

49
Q

person in high demands would have __ deoxy hb than person at rest

A

more

50
Q

deoxy hb binds h ions __ than oxy hb

A

better

51
Q

deoxy hb binds co2 __ than oxy hb

A

better

52
Q

in the lungs, hb binds

A

o2

53
Q

in the lungs, hb binding o2 results in

A

lowered affinity for h & co2

54
Q

h binds bicard to form

A

carbonic acid

55
Q

carbonic acid dissociates into

A

co2 & h2o

56
Q

co2 diffuses from blood into alveoli & gets

A

exhaled

57
Q

the co2 that was bound to hb when it was do2, gets __ once hb gets o2

A

dropped

58
Q

the more co2 you have, the more __ you are

A

acidic

59
Q

what system helps maintain proper acid-base bal by helping you get rid of co2 loads

A

respiratory

60
Q

acidosis results in

A

hyperventilation

61
Q

alkalosis results in

A

hypoventilation

62
Q

bicarb is a

A

base

63
Q

respiratory acidosis & alkalosis caused by

A

abnormal co2 levels

64
Q

metabolic acidosis & alkalosis caused by

A

abnormal bicarb levels

65
Q

metabolic acidosis bicarb too

A

low

66
Q

metabolic alkalosis bicarb too

A

high

67
Q

can get it from iv, antacid use, or vomiting (losing stomach acid)

A

metabolic alkalosis

68
Q

can get it from being diabetic aka ketoacidosis or from diarrhea

A

metabolic acidosis

69
Q

if you know someones bicarb & co2 levels you can calculate their

A

ph

70
Q

resp component refers to

A

co2 blood concentration; regulated by lungs

71
Q

metabolic component refers to

A

bicarb blood concentration; regulated by kidneys

Physio (14 decks)

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