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Physio > Endocrine-1 > Flashcards

Endocrine-1 Flashcards

1
Q

location of receptors will differ

A

t

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2
Q

steroid hormone receptors are

A

intracellular

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3
Q

hydrophilic hormone receptors are

A

extracellular (water soluble)

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4
Q

steroid hormones exert their effects by

A

changes in gene transcription

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5
Q

synergistic effects

A

2 or more hormones work together to evoke an action

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6
Q

with synergistic effects together the effect is larger

A

t

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7
Q

permissive effects

A

1 hormone enhances responsiveness of target organ to increase activity of a 2nd hormone

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8
Q

exposure of the uterus to estrogen upregulates progesterone receptors is an example of

A

permissive effects

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9
Q

antagonistic effects

A

actions of 1 antagonizes effect of another

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10
Q

insulin lowers blood sugar & glucagon raises blood sugar is an example of

A

antagonistic effects

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11
Q

most hormones have long half-lives

A

f; short

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12
Q

Thyroid hormone half-life lasts

A

days

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13
Q

effects of hormones are

A

dose dependent

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14
Q

large receptors may lose

A

receptor specificity

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15
Q

what happens when given hormones in pharmacological doses

A

side effects bc hormone begins binding other receptors & causing other actions; may result in production of derivatives; desensitization & receptor down regulation

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16
Q

receptor down regulation same mechanism as

A

drug tolerance

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17
Q

receptor down regulation doesn’t occur in your body b/c

A

we secrete hormones in pulses

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18
Q

sits in sella turcica of sphenoid bone

A

pituitary

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19
Q

pituitary aka

A

hypophysis

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20
Q

pars intermedia sits in

A

between anterior & posterior pituitary

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21
Q

pars intermedia is

A

fetal structure -> regresses in adults

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22
Q

derivatives of pars intermedia found in

A

adenohypophysis

23
Q

acth produces

A

msh

24
Q

msh causes

A

skin darkening

25
Q

the posterior pituitary produces 2 hormones

A

f; stores 2

26
Q

hormones synthesized by anterior pituitary

A

gh, tsh, acth, fsh, lh, prl

27
Q

specify what gh does

A

cellular uptake of amino acids + lipid & protein metabolism

28
Q

lipid & protein metabolism promotes

A

tissue growth, mitosis, cell differentiation, muscle synthesis & fat breakdown

29
Q

gh results in release of

A

igf (growth factor)

30
Q

igf has longer half life

A

t

31
Q

longer half life aka

A

longer lasting effects

32
Q

gh hyposecretion in childhood =

A

dwarfism

33
Q

gh hypersecretion in childhood =

A

gigantism

34
Q

gh hyposecretion in adulthood =

A

pituitary cachexia (simmond’s disease): premature aging due to tissue atrophy which involves loss of pituitary function

35
Q

gh hypersecretion in adulthood =

A

acromegaly: soft tissue & bone thickening

36
Q

tsh stimulates

A

THYR GLAND GROWTH & thyr hormone production (t3+t4)

37
Q

acth stimulates

A

release of adrenocortical hormones from adrenal CORTEX

38
Q

acth hormones

A

cortisol, aldosterone & weak androgens

39
Q

fsh stimulates

A

growth of ovarian follicles & sperm production (gonadotropin)

40
Q

lh stimulates (females)

A

ovulation & corpus luteum formation

41
Q

lh stimulates (males)

A

testosterone production (gonadotropin)

42
Q

prl stimulates

A

milk production & sensitivity of testes to LH

43
Q

indirectly increases testosterone production

A

prl

44
Q

causes water retention by distal nephron regions

A

adh

45
Q

oxytocin causes

A

uterine contraction, mammary gland contractions, & rises during sex

46
Q

what causes the release of hormones stored in post pituitary

A

neuroendocrine reflexes/nerve impulses in hypothalamus

47
Q

corpus luteum

A

temporary endocrine structure that results in production of estrogen & progesterone; maintains endometrial lining in case egg should get fertilized

48
Q

how are the ant pituitary & hypothalamus connected

A

via portal system (communicate via blood)

49
Q

anterior pituitary hormones regulated by

A

hypothalamic releasing & inhibiting hormones

50
Q

there are neural connections between the ant pituitary & hypothalamus

A

f; no neural connections

51
Q

portal system

A

2 capillary beds connected downstream from one another

52
Q

describe the portal system

A

cap beds surrounding hypothalamus
cap beds surrounding ant pit
venules connect them

53
Q

mechanism of anterior pituitary hormones

A

hormones from hypothalamus travel thru portal system -> bind to pit gl -> stimulate pit gl to release its hormones

Physio (14 decks)

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