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Physio > Respiratory-2 > Flashcards

Respiratory-2 Flashcards

1
Q

airflow obstruction through bronchioles aka

A

asthma

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2
Q

in most cases of asthma there is an inflammatory component

A

t

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3
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder

A

allergic asthma

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4
Q

allergic asthma involves

A

IgE, prostoglandid, & leukotriene production & mast cell responses

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5
Q

cold or dry air will worsen asthma

A

t (bc will cause bronchioconstriction)

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6
Q

asthma recommendations

A

inhaled corticosteroid & rescue inhaler

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7
Q

alveolar tissue destruction aka

A

emphysema

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8
Q

emphysema: will have __, but __ alveoli

A

fewer; larger

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9
Q

most common cause of emphysema

A

smoking (promotes inflammation)

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10
Q

individuals w/ emphysema who never smoked -> caused by

A

lack of alpha1 antitrypsin (genetic factor)

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11
Q

what happens to alveoli in emphysema

A

alveolar wall breakdown -> reduction in alveolar SA -> reduced ability for gas exchange -> bronchioles in airway thin due to tissue destruction -> bronchioles collapse during exhalation

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12
Q

alpha1 antitrypsin protective against

A

immune mediated protease destruction

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13
Q

emphysema is a type of

A

copd

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14
Q

asthma is purely obstructive

A

f

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15
Q

both emphysema & asthma associated w

A

accelerated decline in FEV1

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16
Q

asthma is __ w albuterol & __ due to use of inhaler or getting away from allergen -> FEV1 levels back to normal

A

reversible; transient

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17
Q

except in __ asthma

A

chronic

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18
Q

hyper-responsive airway (airway sensitive to inflammatory mediators) characteristic of

A

asthma

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19
Q

asthma exhibits characteristics of obstructive disorders but is NOT purely obstructive

A

t

20
Q

emphysema mechanism

A

inflammatory response -> macrophages, neutrophils & cytotoxic t cells respond to TISSUE INJURY -> t cells destroy your own lung tissue

21
Q

chronic bronchitis is often

A

precursor for emphysema

22
Q

quitting smoking once copd has started reverses process

A

f; but stops further worsening

23
Q

copd increased risk for

A

pulmonary embolism & heart failure

24
Q

pulmonary htn w/ r. ventricular hypertrophy & eventually heart failure aka

A

cor pulmonale

25
Q

copd 5th leading cause of death in america

A

t

26
Q

physical symptom of copd patient

A

barrel chest due to trapping of air bc of big residual vol

27
Q

functional lung tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue aka

A

pulmonary fibrosis

28
Q

in pulmonary fibrosis, recoil __; compliance __

A

enhanced; reduced

29
Q

pulmonary fibrosis can result from

A

inhalation of small particles (coal miners)

30
Q

sum of pressures each gas exerts independently aka

A

total pressure

31
Q

atmospheric pressure lower at high altitudes, so po2 ->

A

also lower

32
Q

po2 in alveoli equilibrates with

A

blood; dictates how much blood your o2 is able to carry

33
Q

diffusion occurs __ between alveoli & blood

A

rapidly

34
Q

equilibration between air & alveoli depends on

A

solubility of gas in fluid (constant), temp (constant) & PARTIAL PRESS OF GAS *MAIN DETERMINANT

35
Q

the higher the po2 in alveoli, the __ in the blood because they __

A

higher; equilibrate

36
Q

pao2 refers only to the measurement of

A

o2 dissolved in plasma

37
Q

pao2 doesn’t tell you much about

A

total o2 content in blood

38
Q

pao2 tells you about

A

ability to exchange gases across airway

39
Q

what determines pao2?

A

the diffusion across the alveoli

40
Q

bulk of o2 bound to

A

hb

41
Q

pao2 is a direct reflexion of the

A

ability to exchange gases across alveoli

42
Q

what diseases would cause the pao2 to be reduced?

A

pneumonia or emphysema or ANYTHING WITH A DEFECT IN LUNG FUNCTION

43
Q

with proper lung function, alveolar & arterial pao2 differ only by

A

5 mm Hg

44
Q

if patient with normal lung function is put on o2 what will happen to total blood o2 content

A

wont change much bc will increase pao2 bc will force more to be dissolved in plasma not hb

45
Q

In person w pneumonia or emphysema pao2 reduced so hb saturation greatly reduced & amount of total blood o2 content lower than should be

A

t

46
Q

what must happen to blood for it to be delivered

A

it must come off hb & exist dissolved in plasma

47
Q

arterial (pulmonary vein) values are good indicator of

A

lung function bc tells you about ability to exchange gases

Physio (14 decks)

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