Respiratory-2

Question 1

airflow obstruction through bronchioles aka

Answer 1

asthma

Question 2

in most cases of asthma there is an inflammatory component

Answer 2

t

Question 3

chronic inflammatory disorder

Answer 3

allergic asthma

Question 4

allergic asthma involves

Answer 4

IgE, prostoglandid, & leukotriene production & mast cell responses

Question 5

cold or dry air will worsen asthma

Answer 5

t (bc will cause bronchioconstriction)

Question 6

asthma recommendations

Answer 6

inhaled corticosteroid & rescue inhaler

Question 7

alveolar tissue destruction aka

Answer 7

emphysema

Question 8

emphysema: will have __, but __ alveoli

Answer 8

fewer; larger

Question 9

most common cause of emphysema

Answer 9

smoking (promotes inflammation)

Question 10

individuals w/ emphysema who never smoked -> caused by

Answer 10

lack of alpha1 antitrypsin (genetic factor)

Question 11

what happens to alveoli in emphysema

Answer 11

alveolar wall breakdown -> reduction in alveolar SA -> reduced ability for gas exchange -> bronchioles in airway thin due to tissue destruction -> bronchioles collapse during exhalation

Question 12

alpha1 antitrypsin protective against

Answer 12

immune mediated protease destruction

Question 13

emphysema is a type of

Answer 13

copd

Question 14

asthma is purely obstructive

Answer 14

f

Question 15

both emphysema & asthma associated w

Answer 15

accelerated decline in FEV1

Question 16

asthma is __ w albuterol & __ due to use of inhaler or getting away from allergen -> FEV1 levels back to normal

Answer 16

reversible; transient

Question 17

except in __ asthma

Answer 17

chronic

Question 18

hyper-responsive airway (airway sensitive to inflammatory mediators) characteristic of

Answer 18

asthma

Question 19

asthma exhibits characteristics of obstructive disorders but is NOT purely obstructive

Answer 19

t

Question 20

emphysema mechanism

Answer 20

inflammatory response -> macrophages, neutrophils & cytotoxic t cells respond to TISSUE INJURY -> t cells destroy your own lung tissue

Question 21

chronic bronchitis is often

Answer 21

precursor for emphysema

Question 22

quitting smoking once copd has started reverses process

Answer 22

f; but stops further worsening

Question 23

copd increased risk for

Answer 23

pulmonary embolism & heart failure

Question 24

pulmonary htn w/ r. ventricular hypertrophy & eventually heart failure aka

Answer 24

cor pulmonale

Question 25

copd 5th leading cause of death in america

Answer 25

t

Question 26

physical symptom of copd patient

Answer 26

barrel chest due to trapping of air bc of big residual vol

Question 27

functional lung tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue aka

Answer 27

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 28

in pulmonary fibrosis, recoil __; compliance __

Answer 28

enhanced; reduced

Question 29

pulmonary fibrosis can result from

Answer 29

inhalation of small particles (coal miners)

Question 30

sum of pressures each gas exerts independently aka

Answer 30

total pressure

Question 31

atmospheric pressure lower at high altitudes, so po2 ->

Answer 31

also lower

Question 32

po2 in alveoli equilibrates with

Answer 32

blood; dictates how much blood your o2 is able to carry

Question 33

diffusion occurs __ between alveoli & blood

Answer 33

rapidly

Question 34

equilibration between air & alveoli depends on

Answer 34

solubility of gas in fluid (constant), temp (constant) & PARTIAL PRESS OF GAS *MAIN DETERMINANT

Question 35

the higher the po2 in alveoli, the __ in the blood because they __

Answer 35

higher; equilibrate

Question 36

pao2 refers only to the measurement of

Answer 36

o2 dissolved in plasma

Question 37

pao2 doesn't tell you much about

Answer 37

total o2 content in blood

Question 38

pao2 tells you about

Answer 38

ability to exchange gases across airway

Question 39

what determines pao2?

Answer 39

the diffusion across the alveoli

Question 40

bulk of o2 bound to

Answer 40

hb

Question 41

pao2 is a direct reflexion of the

Answer 41

ability to exchange gases across alveoli

Question 42

what diseases would cause the pao2 to be reduced?

Answer 42

pneumonia or emphysema or ANYTHING WITH A DEFECT IN LUNG FUNCTION

Question 43

with proper lung function, alveolar & arterial pao2 differ only by

Answer 43

5 mm Hg

Question 44

if patient with normal lung function is put on o2 what will happen to total blood o2 content

Answer 44

wont change much bc will increase pao2 bc will force more to be dissolved in plasma not hb

Question 45

In person w pneumonia or emphysema pao2 reduced so hb saturation greatly reduced & amount of total blood o2 content lower than should be

Answer 45

t

Question 46

what must happen to blood for it to be delivered

Answer 46

it must come off hb & exist dissolved in plasma

Question 47

arterial (pulmonary vein) values are good indicator of

Answer 47

lung function bc tells you about ability to exchange gases