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Physio > Cardio Lec 7 > Flashcards

Cardio Lec 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Main job of chemoreceptors

A

regulate breathing rate

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2
Q

When co2 levels rise, chemoreceptors

A

send signal to breathing center & force you to incr breathing rate

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3
Q

Main factors that increase bp

A

high blood vol & vasoconstriction

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4
Q

Blood is considered an __ fluid

A

extracellular

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5
Q

Movement of water determined by what forces?

A

osmotic pressure & hydrostatic/filtration pressure

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6
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

water being pulled TOWARDS the compartment

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7
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pulls AWAY

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8
Q

The more hydrostatic pressure you have

A

you can cause fluid to move out of the vessel (filtration)

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9
Q

Filtration refers to

A

fluid being pulled OUT of the capillary

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10
Q

Reabsorption refers to

A

fluid being pulled BACK IN to the capillary

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11
Q

Capillary fluid exchange refers to

A

whether fluids get filtered or reabsorbed across the capillary

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12
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure refers to

A

bp against vessel walls

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13
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure favors

A

filtration (fluid out of capillary)

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14
Q

On which side is pressure greater?

A

arterial side

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15
Q

Tissue hydrostatic pressure refers to

A

pressure that fluid in interstitial exerts against vessel wall

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16
Q

Tissue hydrostatic pressure opposes __ & favors __

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure; reabsorption

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17
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure refers to

A

osmotic pressure of blood

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18
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure favors

A

reabsorption (causes fluid to move in)

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19
Q

Interstitial osmotic pressure favors

A

filtration (causes fluid to move out)

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20
Q

Net filtration pressure (sum of diff pressures) determines

A

fluid movement either out or back in

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21
Q

CHP + COP Interstitial =

A

fluid out

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22
Q

Interstitial HP + COP plasma =

A

fluid in

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23
Q

Lymphatics protect against __ by

A

edema; picking up excess fluid that venous side wasn’t able to reclaim

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24
Q

What can cause edema

A

anything that causes lymphatic blockage, anything that could cause hydrostatic pressure on the venous side to increase, or anything that would cause hydrostatic pressure of blood to increase (cause more fluid out or make it less able for fluid to be reclaimed on venous side)

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25
Q

If anything were to increase capillary osmotic pressure would that promote or inhibit edema formation?

A

inhibit

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26
Q

If anything were to increase capillary hydrostatic pressure would that promote or inhibit edema formation?

A

promote

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27
Q

If anything were to increase interstitial osmotic pressure would that promote or inhibit edema formation?

A

promote

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28
Q

If anything were to increase interstitial hydrostatic pressure would that promote or inhibit edema formation?

A

inhibit

29
Q

Fluids leave on the __ end via __& are reclaimed on the __ side due to ___ hydrostatic pressure

A

arterial; filtration; venous; reduced

30
Q

What % of fluids leave via filtration, what % is left behind

A

85%; 15% (picked up by lymphatics)

31
Q

Lymphatics transport ___ back into the blood stream

A

interstitial fluid (15%)

32
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are closed end tubes

A

t

33
Q

As lymph capillaries get full they __

A

contract which propels fluid forward

34
Q

Fluid is filtered on the __ side, __% gets reclaimed by __ & __% gets picked up by lymph capillaries that return it back to blood stream

A

arterial; 85%; venous side; 15%

35
Q

If there is a venous obstruction what happens to the hydrostatic pressure on the venous side of the capillary

A

goes UP due to blockage somewhere downstream

36
Q

If venous hydrostatic pressure isn’t reduced it is much more difficult for

A

fluids to be reclaimed on venous side (that 85%) -> edema formation

37
Q

Venous obstruction causes

A

phlebitis (venous clot), pregnancy (venous press incr due to weight of baby) & r. sided heart failure (blood backs up to r. atria -> vena cava -> veins -> decr press on venous side -> difficult for fluid)

38
Q

Edama causes

A

elevated bp, any venous obstruction, leakage of plasma proteins into interstitial fluid, decreased plasma protein production, & lymphatic drainage obstruction

39
Q

How does this cause edema: leakage of plasma proteins into interstitial fluid

A

if plasma leaking in interstitial -> causes increase in osmotic pressure of interstitial -> reduces osmotic pressure in capillaries

40
Q

How does this cause edema: decreased plasma protein production

A

if you don’t have enough plasma proteins in the blood -> blood osmotic pressure falls -> more difficult for fluid to be maintained WITHIN capillaries

41
Q

How does this cause edema: lymphatic drainage obstruction

A

that 15% of fluid left behind can’t get picked up by lymphatics -> accumulates in interstitial

42
Q

How does this cause edema: elevated bp

A

increased capillary hydrostatic press -> fluids leave capillary -> accumulate in interstitial

43
Q

How does this cause edema: venous obstruction

A

causes capillary hydrostatic pressure on venous side to increase -> if pressure doesn’t get reduced -> more difficult for that 85% fluid to get reclaimed -> raises capillary hydrostatic pressure on venous side

44
Q

Which organ plays a huge role in fluid & blood vol regulation

A

kidneys

45
Q

Amount of reabsorption is adjustable & depends on state of hydration

A

t

46
Q

Amount of water that we retain or excrete affects blood vol

A

t

47
Q

ADP/vasopressin has ability to raise bp

A

t

48
Q

ADP produced by __ & stored by __

A

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

49
Q

ADH released in response to

A

osmoreceptor stimulation

50
Q

Are osmoreceptors stimulated when osmolarity in blood is too low or too high?

A

high -> means you are dehydrated -> ADH produced -> decreases urine vol to retain more water -> dilutes plasma osmolarity back to where should be

51
Q

Does salt increase osmolarity too?

A

yes -> start producing adh -> thirst & water retention

52
Q

Stretch receptors stimulated by incr blood vol ->

A

reduces ADH production -> urine output goes up -> blood vol reduced back to norm (cause water loss reduces blood vol & raises osmolarity)

53
Q

RAA system

A

helps keep bp constant

54
Q

Renin activates

A

angiotensin 1 (does nothing) from angiotensinogen (inactive)

55
Q

Angiotensin 1 converted to __ by __

A

angiotensin 2 by ACE

56
Q

Angiotensin 2

A

POTENT vasoconstrictor -> raises bp & tpr by: stimulating thirst & aldosterone prod

57
Q

In response to low bp -> low blood flow to kidneys -> renin secreted ->

A

converts angiotensinogen -> angiot 1 (does nothing) -> ACE converts to angiot 2 -> ELEVATES bp (vasoconstricts, stimulates aldosterone, thirsty)

58
Q

RAA system should be inactivated when

A

bp, blood vol, salt, or blood flow across system

59
Q

People with htn: RAA system is not able to shut off

A

t

60
Q

People with htn usually have elevated renin levels & can’t shut them off

A

t

61
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

stop conversion of angio 1 -> angio 2

62
Q

ARB’s

A

bind & block receptors that angio would bind to

63
Q

Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced by __ in response to __

A

atria; stretch

64
Q

ANP inhibits

A

aldosterone & adh to reduce blood vol to be able to reduce atrial stretch

65
Q

CO is equal to

A

venous return

66
Q

Hemodynamics refers to

A

factors affecting flow

67
Q

Blood will only move if there is a

A

pressure gradient (high->low)

68
Q

What generates pressure in the cardiovascular system

A

heart pumping

69
Q

Pressure in aorta is __; pressure in r. atria is

A

high; low (BIG PRESSURE DIFF)

Physio (14 decks)

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