Respiratory Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
- right and left nasal cavities
- oral cavity (mouth)
- pharynx
- pharynx
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
- trachea
- right and left main bronchus
- lobar bronchi
- segmental bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
At what level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus?
C6 vertebra
How many lobar bronchi are there?
5- one for each lobe
how many segmental bronchi are there?
10-one for each bronchopulmonary segments
how many lobes are in each lung?
right=3-upper.middle, lower
left=2-upper and lower
what is the function of cilia?
they beat to sweep mucous and any foreign bodies towards the pharynx to be swallowed. (mucociliary escalator)
What is present in alveoli?- cartilage or smooth muscle?
neither!!
what is the function of cartilage in the walls of the trachea and bronchi?
maintains patency of airways. holds them open)
what are the main requirements for respiration?
- sufficient functioning lung tissue
- sufficient O2 in the air we breathe
- no CO2 in the air we breathe
- thin walls of alveoli
- minimal tissue fluid in the tissue spaces around the alveolar capillaries
What is the anatomical structure which stops food from entering the trachea?
epiglottis (part of the larynx)
What are the functions of the larynx?
- the cartilage helps maintain patency of the upper respiratory tract.
- it helps prevent entry of foreign bodies into the LRT
- produces sound
what is the narrowest part of the larynx?
rima glottidis
What types of cartilage does the larynx contain?
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- 3 arytenoid cartilages
which bones sits above the larynx?
hyoid bone
How do the vocal cords protect the airway?
They can close the rima glottidis, preventing foreign bodies being inhales into the trachea. Cough reflex is then stimulated to expel the foreign body via the pharynx and oral cavity.
What is phonation?
the productions of sound from the vocal cords
what is articluation?
production of speech from the vocal cords.
What are conchae and what are their function?
Shell shaped parts of nasal cavities which increase the surface area of the lateral walls. they produce turbulent flow, bringing the air into contact with the walls.
What body system do the tonsils belong to?
lymphatic system
Where are the tonsils located and what do they do?
located in the mucosa lining the pharynx.
they produce white blood cells to defend against infection.
Describe the normal route for breathing
on inspiration - nasal cavities, naso, oro, larygnopharynx, larynx, trachea.
what are true ribs?
1-6
what are the false ribs?
7-10
which ribs are the floating ribs?
11 and 12
Which part of the sternum is the landmark in CPR?
xiphoid process
Where is the sternal angle?
the level of rib 2
what do the costovertebral joint do?
join rib to vertebra
what do the sternocostal joints to?
joint sternum to costal cartilage
what do the costochondral joints do?
join rib to costal cartilage
name the skeletal muscles located between the ribs from superficial to deep.
1.external intercostals
2.internal intercostals
innermost intercostals
