Respiratory

Question 1

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 1

1. right and left nasal cavities
2. oral cavity (mouth)
3. pharynx
4. pharynx

Question 2

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 2

1. trachea
2. right and left main bronchus
3. lobar bronchi
4. segmental bronchi
5. bronchioles
6. alveoli

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 3

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 4

At what level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus?

Answer 4

C6 vertebra

Question 5

How many lobar bronchi are there?

Answer 5

5- one for each lobe

Question 6

how many segmental bronchi are there?

Answer 6

10-one for each bronchopulmonary segments

Question 7

how many lobes are in each lung?

Answer 7

right=3-upper.middle, lower

left=2-upper and lower

Question 8

what is the function of cilia?

Answer 8

they beat to sweep mucous and any foreign bodies towards the pharynx to be swallowed. (mucociliary escalator)

Question 9

What is present in alveoli?- cartilage or smooth muscle?

Answer 9

neither!!

Question 10

what is the function of cartilage in the walls of the trachea and bronchi?

Answer 10

maintains patency of airways. holds them open)

Question 11

what are the main requirements for respiration?

Answer 11

1. sufficient functioning lung tissue
2. sufficient O2 in the air we breathe
3. no CO2 in the air we breathe
4. thin walls of alveoli
5. minimal tissue fluid in the tissue spaces around the alveolar capillaries

Question 12

What is the anatomical structure which stops food from entering the trachea?

Answer 12

epiglottis (part of the larynx)

Question 13

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 13

1. the cartilage helps maintain patency of the upper respiratory tract.
2. it helps prevent entry of foreign bodies into the LRT
3. produces sound

Question 14

what is the narrowest part of the larynx?

Answer 14

rima glottidis

Question 15

What types of cartilage does the larynx contain?

Answer 15

1. epiglottis
2. thyroid cartilage
3. cricoid cartilage
4. 3 arytenoid cartilages

Question 16

which bones sits above the larynx?

Answer 16

hyoid bone

Question 17

How do the vocal cords protect the airway?

Answer 17

They can close the rima glottidis, preventing foreign bodies being inhales into the trachea. Cough reflex is then stimulated to expel the foreign body via the pharynx and oral cavity.

Question 18

What is phonation?

Answer 18

the productions of sound from the vocal cords

Question 19

what is articluation?

Answer 19

production of speech from the vocal cords.

Question 20

What are conchae and what are their function?

Answer 20

Shell shaped parts of nasal cavities which increase the surface area of the lateral walls. they produce turbulent flow, bringing the air into contact with the walls.

Question 21

What body system do the tonsils belong to?

Answer 21

lymphatic system

Question 22

Where are the tonsils located and what do they do?

Answer 22

located in the mucosa lining the pharynx.

they produce white blood cells to defend against infection.

Question 23

Describe the normal route for breathing

Answer 23

on inspiration - nasal cavities, naso, oro, larygnopharynx, larynx, trachea.

Question 24

what are true ribs?

Answer 24

1-6

Question 25

what are the false ribs?

Answer 25

7-10

Question 26

which ribs are the floating ribs?

Answer 26

11 and 12

Question 27

Which part of the sternum is the landmark in CPR?

Answer 27

xiphoid process

Question 28

Where is the sternal angle?

Answer 28

the level of rib 2

Question 29

what do the costovertebral joint do?

Answer 29

join rib to vertebra

Question 30

what do the sternocostal joints to?

Answer 30

joint sternum to costal cartilage

Question 31

what do the costochondral joints do?

Answer 31

join rib to costal cartilage

Question 32

name the skeletal muscles located between the ribs from superficial to deep.

Answer 32

1.external intercostals
2.internal intercostals
innermost intercostals