How do we taste, chew and swallow?

Question 1

What does the oral cavity do in terms of the GI tract?

Answer 1

sensing
salivation
chewing
initiating swallowing

Question 2

What does the pharynx do in terms of the GI tract?

Answer 2

defence against infection
swallowing
airway protection

Question 3

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 3

transports from pharynx to stomach?

Question 4

What do the stomach and small intestine do?

Answer 4

transport.
defence against infection (acid)
digestion and absorption

Question 5

what do the large intestine and anus do?

Answer 5

transport
reabsorption of H2O
stool formation
waste excretion

Question 6

what does the upper GI tract consist of?

Answer 6

oral cavity
oro, larynopharynx
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine

Question 7

what does the lower GI tract consist of?

Answer 7

caecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

Question 8

Name some dangers for the GI tract.

Answer 8

poisons
sharp or excessively hot/cold substances
bacteria and viruses
obstruction
aspiration

Question 9

what is mastication?

Answer 9

chewing

Question 10

what are the muscles that bring about the opening and closing of the jaw?

Answer 10

1. masseter
2. temporalis
3. medial pterygoid
4. lateral pterygoid

Question 11

where is the orbicularis oris muscle and what does it do?

Answer 11

it is circularly arranges around the lips. contraction draws the lips together. it prevents dribbling during chewing and swallowing.

Question 12

what do the 4 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 12

move the tongue around in the mouth

Question 13

what do the 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles of thee tongue do?

Answer 13

modify the shape of the tongue during function?

Question 14

What is the buccinator muscle?

Answer 14

the muscle of the cheek. It helps position food for chewing.

Question 15

Name the major salivary glands and where they are located.

Answer 15

1. parotid glands -near ear
2. submandibular glands-under mandible
3. sublingual glands -under tongue

Question 16

what is a stimulus for salvation?

Answer 16

thought,sight and smell of food or painful oral conditions.

Question 17

what is waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 17

a ring of tonsils

Question 18

What does the small intestine consist of?

Answer 18

the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum.

Question 19

the large intestine consist of?

Answer 19

the colone- caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon.
the rectum
the anal canal
the anus

Question 20

what is the end of the upper GI tract called?

Answer 20

ileocaecal junction

Question 21

what is the function of the muscle layers of the GI tract?

Answer 21

peristalsis- simultaneous waves of shortening of length and narrowing of the luminal diameter.

Question 22

what type of mucosa lines the oral cavity, oesophagus and anus.

Answer 22

protective

Question 23

what type of mucosa lines the stomach?

Answer 23

secretory (minimally absorptive)

Question 24

what type of mucosa lines the small intestine?

Answer 24

absorptive (nutrients)

Question 25

what type of mucosa lines the large intestine?

Answer 25

absorptive (water and electrolytes)

Question 26

What is the retroperitoneum?

Answer 26

the space within the abdominal cavity posterior to the peritoneum

Question 27

what is an intraperitoneal organ>

Answer 27

one which is almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum e.g. liver

Question 28

what is a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 28

located in retroperitoneal e.g pancreas and kidneys

Question 29

what is an organ with mesentery?

Answer 29

covered in visceral peritoneam and suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery. A mesentery is an organs double layer of visceral peritoneum. the organ is very very mobile.

Question 30

When the aorta passes through the diaphragm where does it pass into?

Answer 30

the retroperitoneum.

Question 31

What are the 3 midline branches of the aorta and what do they supply?

Answer 31

1. coeliac trunk- foregut
2. superior mesenteric artery-midgut
3. inferior mesenteric artery-hindgut

Question 32

What does the splenic vein drain and where to?

Answer 32

it drains blood from the foregut to the hepatic portal vein

Question 33

what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain and where to?

Answer 33

it drains from the hindgut to the splenic vein.

Question 34

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain and where to?

Answer 34

it drains the midgut to the hepatic portal vein.

Question 35

What does the hepatic portal vein drain and where to?

Answer 35

it drains blood from foregut,midgut and hindgut structure to the liver for first pass metabolism.

Question 36

what does the inferior vena cava drain and where to?

Answer 36

it drains the blood from the heptic portal veins into the right atrium.

Question 37

how do the foregut structures drain their lymph?

Answer 37

via nodes along splenic artery towards the coeliac nodes.

Question 38

how do the midgut structures drain their lymph?

Answer 38

via nodes along superior mesenteric artery towards the superior mesenteric nodes.

Question 39

how do the hindgut structures drain their lymphs?

Answer 39

via nodes along inferior mesenteric artery towards the inferior mesenteric nodes.

Question 40

what quadrant are the caecum and appendix in?

Answer 40

the right iliac fossa

Question 41

where do you find the cricopharyngeal sphincter?

Answer 41

junction between laryngopharynx and oesophagus?

Question 42

where do you find the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 42

junction between stomach and duodenum

Question 43

Where do you find the external anal sphincter?

Answer 43

between anus and external environment.