Respiratory

Question 1

An Xray following a penetrating injury to the chest shows air in the space around the lungs. What is most likely the condition?

Answer 1

Pneumothorax

Question 2

Pneumothorax may cause a part of a lung or an entire lung to collapse.

Answer 2

Atelectasis

Question 3

The mediastinal surface contains _______ that serves as the entry and exit site for bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and nerves.

Answer 3

Hilum

Question 4

The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is the:

Answer 4

Carina

Question 5

Trachea is lined with:

Answer 5

Ciliated pseudostratofied columnar epithelium and mucous secreting goblet cells

Question 6

What component of th respiratory system does NOT have cilia?

Answer 6

Alveolar ducts

Question 7

The __________ of the respiratory system is made up of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal broncioles.

Answer 7

Conducting zone

Question 8

This zone is the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange, and is composed of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.

Answer 8

Respiratory zone

Question 9

Which side of the lung, tuberculosis is more common?

Answer 9

Right lung- due to the shorter right trachea.
Disease is usually restricted to the apex of the lungs - ventilation/ perfusion ratio is HIGH as the blood flow is reduced leading to higher alveolar PO2 this provides a better environment for the obligate aerobes to grow.

Question 10

What structure is not a part of the lower than the respiratory tract?

Answer 10

Laryngopharynx

Question 11

Structures of the upper respiratory tract:

Answer 11

Nose
Mouth
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx

Question 12

Structures of the upper respiratory tract:

Answer 12

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 13

All paranasal sinuses drain into one of the three meatuses (superior, middle, inferior) except one.

Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal

Answer 13

Sphenoidal - drains into sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 14

The conchae and nasal fossae are lined with

Answer 14

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 15

Muscles that prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

Answer 15

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini

Question 16

The opening into the oropharynx from the oral cavity is called:

Answer 16

Fauces

Question 17

Is most easily made by an incision through the median cricothyroid ligament.

Answer 17

Emergency tracheotomy

Question 18

An incision is made through skin and cricothyroid membrane for the relief of acute respiratory obstruction.

Answer 18

Cricothyrotomy

Question 19

It is rarely performed and is limited to patients with extensive laryngeal damage and infants with severe airway obstruction:

Answer 19

Tracheotomy

Question 20

Is a protuberance that is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx.

Answer 20

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

Question 21

An infant born at 26 weeks, showed the following signs a few hours after birth: blue skin color, nasal flaring, irregular breathing, shortness of breath, and grunting sounds while breathing. Chest radiographs and blood test were performed. What is most likely diagnosis?

Answer 21

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 22

Is a mixture of phospholipids (mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine and phosphatidyglycerol) and lipoprotein produced in the alveoli of the lungs. It helps in reducing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid this enhancing the ventilation capability of alveoli.

Answer 22

Surfactant