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.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What tract is responsible for coordinating eye and head movements?

A

Tectospinal tract

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2
Q

What tract is responsible for coordination of body movement and posture?

A

Rubrospinal tract

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3
Q

The localized area of the skin with sensory innervation from a single nerve root of spinal cord is called?

A

Dermatome

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4
Q

Wernicke’s area is located within which cerebral lobe?

A

Temporal lobe

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5
Q

Interprets the significance of sentences as there are heard and written

A

Wernicke’s area

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6
Q

What structural component of a neuron sends impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axon

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7
Q

Transmits nerve impulses

A

Neurons

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8
Q

Are non- conducting “support cells” of a nervous tissue.

A

Neuroglial cells

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9
Q

Contains a nucleus and most of the cytoplasm.

CNS - nuclei
PNS - ganglia

A

Cell body (perikaryon)

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10
Q

Neuronal processes that send the impulse toward the cell body.

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

Neurilemommas are a neoplasm of myelin producing cells in the peripheral nervous system known as?

A

Schwann cell

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12
Q

The gaps in myelin sheath that occur between adjacent Schwann cells are called?
It serve as point along with the neuron generating a signal.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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13
Q

Signals jumping from node to node travel hundreds of times faster than signals traveling along the surface of the axon.

A

Salutatory conduction

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14
Q

What ascending tract of the spinal cord function to carry pain and temperature sensory information to the thalamus?

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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15
Q

What spinal nerve structure is exclusively composed of sensory fibers?

A

Dorsal root

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16
Q

A network of adjacent spinal nerves that join together

A

Nerve plexus

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17
Q

What separates the occipital bone and the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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18
Q

What separates the occipital bone and the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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19
Q

Separates the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

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20
Q

Separates the two lobes of cerebellum

A

Falx cerebelli

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21
Q

A fragile network of collagen and elastin fibers with a cobweb-like appearance.

A

Arachnoid mater

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22
Q

An extremely thin membrane made up of collagen and elastic fibers containing many blood vessels. Adheres closely to the brain and spinal cord.

A

Pia Mater

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23
Q

These are structures involved in meningitis, an inflammation of th brain

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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24
Q

Inflammation of the brain (severe)

A

Encephalitis

25
Q

A closed space with no egress between dura mater and the arachnoid membrane; often the site of hemorrhage after head trauma.

A

Subdural space

26
Q

Over the dura mater; becomes a real space in the presence of patholoy, such as accumulation of blood from a torn meningeal artery (epidural hematoma)

A

Epidural space

27
Q

What cranial nerves arises in the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Facial nerve (VII)

28
Q

Connects dorsally with cerebellum; relays motor signals from cerebralcortex to the poms.

A

Midbrain

29
Q

Located in the midbrain which helps to control movement.

Lesion of this causes?

A

Substantia nigra

Parkinson’s disease

30
Q

________Contains mechanisms for controlling reflex activities such as?

A

Medulla oblongata

Coughing
Gagging
Swallowing
Vomiting
Heart rate
Breathing rate

31
Q

What meningeal structure is a ring shaped fold that allows the passage of the infundibulum of the pituitary gland?

A

Diaphragma sellae

32
Q

The diencephalon lies beneath the cerebral hemispheres and contains what structures?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

33
Q

What type of neuroglial cells form myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

34
Q

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head are located in the:

A

Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to T4 of the spinal cord

35
Q

All sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitter used is?
Except:

A

Acetylcholine

Postganglionic axons of sympathetic division - norepinephrine

36
Q

Lateral ventricles communicate with each other by:

A

Septum pellucidum

37
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced mainly by:

A

Choroid plexus

38
Q

Interventricular foramen is also called as:

A

Foramen of Monro

39
Q

Cerebral aqueduct - connects the third and fourth ventricles; also called as

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius

40
Q

The spinal cord terminates at the:

A

Conus medullaris

41
Q

They are also present in the choroid plexus of the CNS and participate in the production and r cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Ependymal cells

42
Q

Bundle of nerves occupying the spinal column below the spinal cord that consists of nerve roots and rootless attached to the spinal cord.

A

Cause equina

43
Q

Is a nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves .

A

Dorsal root ganglia

44
Q

Are motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor information down to the final common pathway.

A

Upper motor neurons

45
Q

The main effector neurons of voluntary movement lie within layer V of the primary motor cortex and are called:

A

Betz cells

46
Q

Are neurons connecting the brain stem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses for the upper motor neurons out to the muscles.

A

Lower motor neurons

47
Q

In PNS, what fibers carry impulses to smooth and cardiac muscle as well as to glands?

A

Visceral efferent fibers

48
Q

The ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia are all:

A

Parasympathetic ganglia

49
Q

Neurulation is the stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos, during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structure that will later develop into the CNS. When does the neurulation begin?

A

3rd week

50
Q

Band of cells that extends the length of the embryo, from the cephalic and to the caudal end.

A

Neural plate

51
Q

These cells are essential in the development of the face, neck , and oral tissues.

A

Neural crest cells

52
Q

Failure to close the neural tube anteriorly results in ________ a condition characterized by forebrain and skull degeneration.

A

Anencephaly

53
Q

Failure to close the posterior tube is known as _________ which in its most severe form is characterized by failure to form the neural plate.

A

Spina bifida

54
Q

What type of primary afferent fiber carries information related to sharp pain and temperature?

A

A-Delta fibers

55
Q

What type of primary afferent fiber carries information related to sharp pain and temperature?

A

A-Delta fibers

56
Q

What cell is the only excitatory cell in the cerebellum?

A

Granule cell

57
Q

Dysfunction of cerebellum may lead to:

A

Ataxia
Dysmetria
Intention tremor
Vestibular signs

58
Q

Cell types of the cerebellar cortex

A

Purkinje cells - utilizes GABA
Granule cells
Basket cells - utilizes GABA

.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. (15 decks)

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