Nervous System Flashcards
What tract is responsible for coordinating eye and head movements?
Tectospinal tract
What tract is responsible for coordination of body movement and posture?
Rubrospinal tract
The localized area of the skin with sensory innervation from a single nerve root of spinal cord is called?
Dermatome
Wernicke’s area is located within which cerebral lobe?
Temporal lobe
Interprets the significance of sentences as there are heard and written
Wernicke’s area
What structural component of a neuron sends impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
Transmits nerve impulses
Neurons
Are non- conducting “support cells” of a nervous tissue.
Neuroglial cells
Contains a nucleus and most of the cytoplasm.
CNS - nuclei
PNS - ganglia
Cell body (perikaryon)
Neuronal processes that send the impulse toward the cell body.
Dendrites
Neurilemommas are a neoplasm of myelin producing cells in the peripheral nervous system known as?
Schwann cell
The gaps in myelin sheath that occur between adjacent Schwann cells are called?
It serve as point along with the neuron generating a signal.
Nodes of Ranvier
Signals jumping from node to node travel hundreds of times faster than signals traveling along the surface of the axon.
Salutatory conduction
What ascending tract of the spinal cord function to carry pain and temperature sensory information to the thalamus?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
What spinal nerve structure is exclusively composed of sensory fibers?
Dorsal root
A network of adjacent spinal nerves that join together
Nerve plexus
What separates the occipital bone and the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What separates the occipital bone and the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
Separates the cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebri
Separates the two lobes of cerebellum
Falx cerebelli
A fragile network of collagen and elastin fibers with a cobweb-like appearance.
Arachnoid mater
An extremely thin membrane made up of collagen and elastic fibers containing many blood vessels. Adheres closely to the brain and spinal cord.
Pia Mater
These are structures involved in meningitis, an inflammation of th brain
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Inflammation of the brain (severe)
Encephalitis
A closed space with no egress between dura mater and the arachnoid membrane; often the site of hemorrhage after head trauma.
Subdural space
Over the dura mater; becomes a real space in the presence of patholoy, such as accumulation of blood from a torn meningeal artery (epidural hematoma)
Epidural space
What cranial nerves arises in the pons?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Facial nerve (VII)
Connects dorsally with cerebellum; relays motor signals from cerebralcortex to the poms.
Midbrain
Located in the midbrain which helps to control movement.
Lesion of this causes?
Substantia nigra
Parkinson’s disease
________Contains mechanisms for controlling reflex activities such as?
Medulla oblongata
Coughing
Gagging
Swallowing
Vomiting
Heart rate
Breathing rate
What meningeal structure is a ring shaped fold that allows the passage of the infundibulum of the pituitary gland?
Diaphragma sellae
The diencephalon lies beneath the cerebral hemispheres and contains what structures?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What type of neuroglial cells form myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head are located in the:
Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to T4 of the spinal cord
All sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitter used is?
Except:
Acetylcholine
Postganglionic axons of sympathetic division - norepinephrine
Lateral ventricles communicate with each other by:
Septum pellucidum
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced mainly by:
Choroid plexus
Interventricular foramen is also called as:
Foramen of Monro
Cerebral aqueduct - connects the third and fourth ventricles; also called as
Aqueduct of Sylvius
The spinal cord terminates at the:
Conus medullaris
They are also present in the choroid plexus of the CNS and participate in the production and r cerebrospinal fluid.
Ependymal cells
Bundle of nerves occupying the spinal column below the spinal cord that consists of nerve roots and rootless attached to the spinal cord.
Cause equina
Is a nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves .
Dorsal root ganglia
Are motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor information down to the final common pathway.
Upper motor neurons
The main effector neurons of voluntary movement lie within layer V of the primary motor cortex and are called:
Betz cells
Are neurons connecting the brain stem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses for the upper motor neurons out to the muscles.
Lower motor neurons
In PNS, what fibers carry impulses to smooth and cardiac muscle as well as to glands?
Visceral efferent fibers
The ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia are all:
Parasympathetic ganglia
Neurulation is the stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos, during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structure that will later develop into the CNS. When does the neurulation begin?
3rd week
Band of cells that extends the length of the embryo, from the cephalic and to the caudal end.
Neural plate
These cells are essential in the development of the face, neck , and oral tissues.
Neural crest cells
Failure to close the neural tube anteriorly results in ________ a condition characterized by forebrain and skull degeneration.
Anencephaly
Failure to close the posterior tube is known as _________ which in its most severe form is characterized by failure to form the neural plate.
Spina bifida
What type of primary afferent fiber carries information related to sharp pain and temperature?
A-Delta fibers
What type of primary afferent fiber carries information related to sharp pain and temperature?
A-Delta fibers
What cell is the only excitatory cell in the cerebellum?
Granule cell
Dysfunction of cerebellum may lead to:
Ataxia
Dysmetria
Intention tremor
Vestibular signs
Cell types of the cerebellar cortex
Purkinje cells - utilizes GABA
Granule cells
Basket cells - utilizes GABA
