Heart Flashcards
What arteries accompanies the great cardiac vein?
Anterior interventricular artery
Sympathetic stimulation will have what direct effect on the heart?
Increased stroke volume
Located at the junction of superior vena cava and the right auricle; it is the most rapidly depolarizing cardiac muscle tissue of the heart.
“Pacemaker”
Sinuatrial node
An area of specialized tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, specifically in the posteroinferior region of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus, which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles
AV node
Provides parasympathetic control to the heart
Vagus nerve
What is the correct conduction pathway thru the heart?
SA node - atrial muscle - AV node - HIS bundle - bundle branches - purkinje fibers - ventricular muscle
The apex of the heart is located at the level of the:
Fifth left intercostal space
Part of the heart that receives blood from the atria.
Ventricles
It enlarges briefly in response to coarctation ( constriction) of the aorta
Left ventricle
Resistance to pulmonary blood flow in the lungs causes a strain on the right ventricle and results in
Ventricular hypertrophy
Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart except:
Pulmonary and umbilical veins - carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Pressure in the veins of the lung increases, which may cause fluid accumulation in the lung. This may result in?
Shortness of breath and pulmonary edema
Which of the following describes the function of the ductus arteriosus in fetus?
It shunts blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta
The high levels of oxygen that ductus is exposed to after birth causes the ductus to close to n most cases whithin 24hours. When it does not close, it is termed as?
Patent ductus arteriosus
After birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes_________ which connects the arch of the aorta to the left pulmonary artery.
Ligamentum arteriosum
It is the inflammation of the muscular layer of the heart
Myocarditis (myocardium)
The major sensory nerve to the parietal pericardium is from
Branches of the phrenic nerve C3-C5
The left atrium and left ventricle receive their major arterial supply from what artery?
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
_______ receive the majority of their blood flow during systole.
Coronary arteries
Is the one most often involved in coronary occlusions and is often the one that is bypassed in bypass cardiac surgery
Anterior interventricular artery
Which of the following does NOT empty directly into the right atrium?
a. Azygous vein
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Superior vena cava
d. coronary sinus
Azygous vein
Lies in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) opens in the right atrium between the opening of the inferior vena cava and the right atrioventricular orifice.
Coronary sinus
Opens into the upper part of the atrium. Returns blood from the upper half of the body
Superior vena cava
Are said to be semilunar valves, because each consists of three half-moon shaped valve cusps that are attached to the inside wall of the aortic and pulmonary arteries
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Ventricles of the heart, and the pulmonary and aortic valves, open the allow blood to be pumped into the pulmonary and circulatory systems while the mitral and tricuspid valves are closed.
Ventricular systole
The aortic and pulmonary valves close while the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) open to allow blood to pass from the atria to ventricles.
Ventricular diastole
In the healthy heart, after ventricular systole, the aortic valve:
Prevents reflux of blood into the left ventricle
Overdistension of the valves of the atrioventricular orifices in f the heart is prevented by:
Papillary muscles and the trabeculae carneae
When this valve is closed it prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle
Aortic valve
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary and aortic valves
Major jones criteria for diagnosting rheumatic fever:
Migratory polyarhritis
Carditis
Subcutaneous nodules
Syndenham chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules
Containing Aschoff bodies
Syndenham chorea
Involuntary rapid movements of the extremities
Migratory polyarthritis
Temporary migrating inflammation of the large joints
A long standing reddish rash distributed in a “bathing suit” pattern
Erythema marginatum
What structures prevent AV valves from everting (or being blown out) back into the atria during ventricular contraction?
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by
Both ventricles
The anterior surface of the heart is also known as:
Sternocostal surface
