Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

The type of hormone interaction of _____ is where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their effects are amplified

A

Synergism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The release of parathyroid hormone in response to decreased blood calcium levels is a type of _______ stimulus.

A

Humoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The hypothalamus has neural functions while also producing and releasing hormones, so it is referred to as ______ organ.

A

Neuroendocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Master of endocrine gland

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by the secretion of large amounts of dilute urine because of a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone is secreted from the?

A

Posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior pituitary produces 6 hormones, what are those?
Mnemonic?

A

GPA B-FLAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Promotes growth in general, particularly the skeletal system

A

Growth hormone (GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Controls the secretion of adrenocortical hormones which in turn affect the metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fat.

A

Corticotropin (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Promotes mammary gland development and milk production

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Controls the secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stimulates growth of graafian follicles in the ovary and promotes spermatogenesis in the male

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stimulates secretion of sex hormones by the ovary and testis

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________, which makes up about 25% of the gland, serves as a storage area for:

A

Posterior pituitary

ADH
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADH is also known as

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These hormones are produced from in th hypothalamus and transported in axons to the posterior lobe of the hypophysis for storage and secretion

A

ADH and Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What could result if the parathyroid gland is excised?

A

Muscle convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The most important regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. It finds major target cells in bone and kidney.

A

Parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Produce parathyroid hormone, which acts to raise the concentration of calcium in the blood and reduce the concentration of phosphate ions

A

Chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This gland lies at the back of the third ventricle of the brain. It produces the hormone melatonin (sleep hormones)

A

Pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parotid gland is drained by:
(Accessory duct)

A

Stensen’s duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The part of a developing salivary gland destined to become responsible for its functioning is called the:

A

Adenomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The largest of the subunits and are separated by connective tissue septa

A

Lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are secretory subunits of lobules. Consist of all of the secretory cells that release their products into a single intralobular duct.

A

Adenomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Composition of adenomere which synthesizes glycoproteins

A

Glandular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Minor salivary gland that is found in the tongue. Associated with circumvallate papilla

A

Von Ebner’s glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 adrenal glands also called as _______ are flattened, somewhat triangular-shaped endocrine glands resting upon the superior poles bone of each kidney at the back the abdomen

A

Suprarenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adrenal cortex produces three main types of hormones:

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

They are produces and released under the control of ACTH , influences the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, promoting breakdown of protein and the release of fat and sugars into the bloodstream

A

Glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Adrenal medulla produce and release:

A

80% of epinephrine ( adrenaline)and 20% norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

These hormones are released during emergency situations. “Fight or flight”

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal medulla

31
Q

Tropic hormones

A

FSH
ACTH
LH
TSH

32
Q

Secretory cells of the anterior pituitary are categorized into two groups, according to heir staining properties.

A

Acidophils (acidic stain) : secrete GH and prolactin
Basophils (basic ) : secrete TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

33
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone controls the production and secretion of cortisol?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

34
Q

Secreted from the anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus

A

ACTH

35
Q

Excessive cortisol; moonface and buffalo hump appearance

A

Cushing’s Disease

36
Q

Deficient cortisol; hyperpigmentation, adrenal crisis

A

Addison’s disease

37
Q

FSH in females

A

Initiates ovarian follicle development and secretion of estrogens in the ovaries

38
Q

FSH in males

A

Stimulates sperm production in the testes (spermatogenesis)

39
Q

LH in males and females:

A

Females - stimulates the secretion of estrogen by ovarian cells to result in ovulation and stimulates formation of the corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone

Males - stimulates the interstitial cells of leydig in the testes to secrete progesterone

40
Q

Main excretory duct of the pancreas

A

Wirsung’s duct

41
Q

The degeneration of the islets of Langerhans leads to

A

Diabetes mellitus

42
Q

Islets of Langerhans - endocrine cells of pancreas

A

Endocrine portion

43
Q

Pancreatic exocrine cells ; filled with secretory granules containing digestive enzymes ( pancreatic lipase, etc.) that are screted into the lumen of the acinus

A

Acinar cells of the exocrine portion

44
Q

2 ducts that may be associated with the pancreas:

A

Main pancreatic duct ( Wirsung’s duct)
Accessory pancreatic duct ( Santotini’s duct)

45
Q

This ampulla discharges bile and pancreatic enzymes into ye descending portion. I d this duodenum

A

Hepatopancreatic duct ( Ampulla or Vater )

46
Q

Begins at the tail and joins the common bile duct to form ampulla of Vater

A

Duct of Wirsung

47
Q

A prominent feature of the superior mediastinum during infancy and childhood, in adulthood, it is usually replaced by adipose tissue.

A

Thymus

48
Q

Its primary function is that of lymph organ; central control organ for the immune system.

A

Thymus

49
Q

The most critical mineral involved in thymus gland

A

Zinc - involved virtually every aspect of immunity

50
Q

Hormones produced by the thymus which stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes in other lymphatic organs.

A

Thymosin

51
Q

Overproduction of TSH can lead to

A

GRAVE’S DISEASE

52
Q

Secretes calcitonin that acts to reduceblood calcium, opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

A

Parafollicular / C cells

53
Q

Tumor prior to adolescence, excessive GH delays ossification of epiphyseal cartilage (non fusion of epiphysis)

A

Pituitary gigantism

54
Q

After adolescence, excess GH

A

Acromegaly

55
Q

GH deficiency resulting in early replacement of epiphyseal cartilage by bone

A

Pituitary dwarfism

56
Q

Excessive thyroid hormones will lead to?

A

Hyperthyroidism

57
Q

Deficient thyroid hormones will lead to?

A

Hypothyroidism

58
Q

Is the outer layer of the adrenal cortex responsible for making mineralocorticoids.

A

Zona Glomerulosa

59
Q

Help tyr body regulate salt and fluid levels, and maintain normal blood circulation.

A

Mineralocorticoids

60
Q

Is the most important mineralocorticoid made by adrenal glands.

A

Aldosterone

61
Q

A layer of the adrenal Cortez x which produces glucocorticoids.

A

Zona faciculata

62
Q

Regulates sugar levels, maintain normal blood pressure, and help you respond to stress and illness.

A

Glucocorticoids

63
Q

Is the most important glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

64
Q

The most potent androgen

A

Testosterone

65
Q

Responsible for producing androgens (make hormones)

A

Zona reticularis

66
Q

What portal venous system is critical for proper endocrine function?

A

Hypophyseal

67
Q

The _______ contains abundant axons whose cell bodies are located mainly in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

A

Neurohypophysis / posterior pituitary gland

68
Q

They are associated with the mixed acini of the sublingual and submandibular glands as well as the glands of the esophagus and trachea.

A

Seroud demilunes

69
Q

Are contractile cells that lie between the basement membrane and the plasma membrane of the secretory cells; possess manny actin-containing microfilaments, which squeeze on the secretory cells and move their products toward theexcretory ducts.

A

Myoepithelial cells

70
Q

Are rumors that can affect vision, sometimes causing vision loss.

A

Pituitary adenomas

71
Q

Consist of perforated areas on either side of the crista galli. Transmits olfactory nerve bundles.

A

Cribriform plate

72
Q

Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are transported to the pituitary gland for storage by way of:

A

Unmyelinated nerve fibers

73
Q

This system of blood vessels links the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary; allows endocrine communication between the two structures.

A

Hypophyseal portal system

.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions