Gastrointestinal

Question 1

The main distinguishing feature of jejunum is the presence of prominent:

Answer 1

Plicae circulares or valves of Krecking

Question 2

Produce alkaline secretions to counteract the effects of gastric acids that reach duodenum.

Answer 2

Brunner’s glands

Question 3

Preferred site for vitamin B12 absorption

Answer 3

Ileum

Question 4

An autoimmune disorder which attacks gastric parietal cells.

Answer 4

Pernicious anemia

Question 5

Cholesterol stones formed in which organ that stores and concentrates the bile

Answer 5

Choledocholithiasis

Question 6

A patient comes to the emergency room presenting with jaundice and intense pain in the upper abdominal and between the shoulder blades. The physician suspects choledocholithiasis. What organ is affected?

Answer 6

Gallbladder

Question 7

Longitudinal smooth muscle is in the form of three thick bands known as?

Answer 7

Taenia coli

Question 8

Sympathetic stimulation of this nerve slows motility of the small intestine

Answer 8

Splanchnic nerve

Question 9

Parasympathetic stimulation of this nerve increases motility of the small intestine

Answer 9

Vagus nerve

Question 10

At which level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 10

T10

It begins at 6

Question 11

Layers of esophageal wall

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

Question 12

Stomach receives blood supply from?

Answer 12

Right and Left gastric artery - lesser curvature
Right and left gastro-omental artery - greater curvature

Question 13

Located in fundus and body; secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

Answer 13

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Question 14

Secrete pepsinogen

Answer 14

Zymogenic (chief) cells

Question 15

Present throughout the stomach; secretes gastrin

Answer 15

G cells

Question 16

Portal triad

Answer 16

Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

Question 17

Heaviest and most active internal organ in the body

Answer 17

Liver

Question 18

2 surfaces of the liver

Answer 18

Upper (diaphragmatic)
Lower (viscera)

Question 19

Liver is attached to the diaphragm by?

Answer 19

Falciform
Triangular
Coronary ligaments

Question 20

Blood in the liver drains into the ______ which transport the blood to the heart.

Answer 20

Hepatic veins

Question 21

Vessels that supply blood to the liver

Answer 21

Hepatic portal vein
Common hepatic artery
Celiac trunk

Question 22

The point where vessels and ducts enter and exit the liver - lies on the ventral surface

Answer 22

Porta hepatis

Question 23

Is produced and excreted by hepatocytes, which are the most versatile cells in the body.

Answer 23

Bile

Question 24

One significant difference between jejunum and ileum is that the ileum characteristically contains more of?

Answer 24

Peyer’s patches

Question 25

Has more plicae circulares and villi, but the lower part of ileum do not contain any

Answer 25

Jejunum

Question 26

Lining of the small intestine has permanent folds known as

Answer 26

Valves of krecking

Question 27

Peristalsis for what organ is controlled by taenia coli?

Answer 27

Large intestine

Question 28

Major function of the large intestine (colon)

Answer 28

Removal of water from the material (chyme) entering it.

Question 29

Large intestine epithelium?

Answer 29

Simple columnar with microvilli

Question 30

_____ Inner circle consisting of smooth muscle layer. Contains three bands of longitudinal muscle called ______

Answer 30

Muscularis externa Taenia coli

Question 31

Congenital disease caused by absence of myenteric plexus (Auerbach and meissner plexi) that leads to parasympathetic activity - decrease motility and obstruction of the intestine

Answer 31

Hirschsprungs’s disease

Question 32

Intestinal glands

Answer 32

Crypts of lieberkhun

Question 33

Formed from loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, and large lymphatic vessels (site for absorption of lipids)

Answer 33

Lamina propria

Question 34

Which cells, located in the crypts of lieberkhun, secrete and antibacterial enzyme that maintains a je gastrointestinal barrier?

Answer 34

Paneth cells

Question 35

Commonly found in the ileum. These are specialized secretory epithelial cells located at the base of intestinal crypts.

Answer 35

Paneth cells

Question 36

Secretes mucus. Abundant in ileum

Answer 36

Goblet cells

Question 37

Secrete enterogastrones (secretin and cholecystokinin) into the blood stream. Abundant in duodenum

Answer 37

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 38

Cells that are responsible for secreting glucagon?

Answer 38

Alpha cells (pancreatic)

Question 39

Beta cells secretes what?

Answer 39

Insulin

Question 40

Secrete somatostatin

Answer 40

Delta cells

Question 41

Gamma cells secrete what?

Answer 41

Polypeptides

Question 42

Secretes into blood stream: takes the form of many small clusters of cells called islets of langerhans

Answer 42

Endocrine portion

Question 43

Secrets duct into duodenum

Answer 43

Exocrine portion Secretes: Pancreatic lipase Amylase Carboxypeptidase Elastase Chymotrypsinogen

Question 44

It is produced by the duodenum and regulates pancreatic juice secretion

Answer 44

Cholecystokinin

Question 45

Which of the following provides parasympathetic stimulation to the sigmoid colon?

Answer 45

S2-S4

Question 46

Organs located in the foregut region

Answer 46

Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Proximal part of the duodenum Spleen

Question 47

Arterial supply of the foregut

Answer 47

Celiac trunk

Question 48

Venous drainage of the foregut

Answer 48

Hepatic portal system

Question 49

Sympathetic innervation of foregut

Answer 49

Thoracic splanchnich nerve snapping in celiac plexus

Question 50

Organs located in the midgut include:

Answer 50

Distal part of duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum Appendix Ascending colon 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 51

Parasympathetic innervation of foregut and midgut

Answer 51

Vagus

Question 52

Arterial supply of the midgut

Answer 52

Superior messenteric artery

Question 53

Venous drainage of midgut

Answer 53

Hepatic portal vein ( via superior messenteric vein)

Question 54

Sympath innervation of midgut

Answer 54

Thoracic splanchnic nerve synapsing and in superior messenteric plexus

Question 55

Organs located in the hindgut

Answer 55

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum

Question 56

Arterial supply of hindgut

Answer 56

Inferior messenteric artery

Question 57

Parasympathetic innervation of hindgut

Answer 57

S2-S4