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.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

The main distinguishing feature of jejunum is the presence of prominent:

A

Plicae circulares or valves of Krecking

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2
Q

Produce alkaline secretions to counteract the effects of gastric acids that reach duodenum.

A

Brunner’s glands

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3
Q

Preferred site for vitamin B12 absorption

A

Ileum

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4
Q

An autoimmune disorder which attacks gastric parietal cells.

A

Pernicious anemia

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5
Q

Cholesterol stones formed in which organ that stores and concentrates the bile

A

Choledocholithiasis

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6
Q

A patient comes to the emergency room presenting with jaundice and intense pain in the upper abdominal and between the shoulder blades. The physician suspects choledocholithiasis. What organ is affected?

A

Gallbladder

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7
Q

Longitudinal smooth muscle is in the form of three thick bands known as?

A

Taenia coli

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8
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of this nerve slows motility of the small intestine

A

Splanchnic nerve

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9
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of this nerve increases motility of the small intestine

A

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

At which level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

It begins at 6

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11
Q

Layers of esophageal wall

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

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12
Q

Stomach receives blood supply from?

A

Right and Left gastric artery - lesser curvature
Right and left gastro-omental artery - greater curvature

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13
Q

Located in fundus and body; secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

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14
Q

Secrete pepsinogen

A

Zymogenic (chief) cells

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15
Q

Present throughout the stomach; secretes gastrin

A

G cells

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16
Q

Portal triad

A

Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

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17
Q

Heaviest and most active internal organ in the body

A

Liver

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18
Q

2 surfaces of the liver

A

Upper (diaphragmatic)
Lower (viscera)

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19
Q

Liver is attached to the diaphragm by?

A

Falciform
Triangular
Coronary ligaments

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20
Q

Blood in the liver drains into the ______ which transport the blood to the heart.

A

Hepatic veins

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21
Q

Vessels that supply blood to the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein
Common hepatic artery
Celiac trunk

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22
Q

The point where vessels and ducts enter and exit the liver - lies on the ventral surface

A

Porta hepatis

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23
Q

Is produced and excreted by hepatocytes, which are the most versatile cells in the body.

A

Bile

24
Q

One significant difference between jejunum and ileum is that the ileum characteristically contains more of?

A

Peyer’s patches

25
Q

Has more plicae circulares and villi, but the lower part of ileum do not contain any

A

Jejunum

26
Q

Lining of the small intestine has permanent folds known as

A

Valves of krecking

27
Q

Peristalsis for what organ is controlled by taenia coli?

A

Large intestine

28
Q

Major function of the large intestine (colon)

A

Removal of water from the material (chyme) entering it.

29
Q

Large intestine epithelium?

A

Simple columnar with microvilli

30
Q

_____ Inner circle consisting of smooth muscle layer. Contains three bands of longitudinal muscle called ______

A

Muscularis externa
Taenia coli

31
Q

Congenital disease caused by absence of myenteric plexus (Auerbach and meissner plexi) that leads to parasympathetic activity - decrease motility and obstruction of the intestine

A

Hirschsprungs’s disease

32
Q

Intestinal glands

A

Crypts of lieberkhun

33
Q

Formed from loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, and large lymphatic vessels (site for absorption of lipids)

A

Lamina propria

34
Q

Which cells, located in the crypts of lieberkhun, secrete and antibacterial enzyme that maintains a je gastrointestinal barrier?

A

Paneth cells

35
Q

Commonly found in the ileum. These are specialized secretory epithelial cells located at the base of intestinal crypts.

A

Paneth cells

36
Q

Secretes mucus. Abundant in ileum

A

Goblet cells

37
Q

Secrete enterogastrones (secretin and cholecystokinin) into the blood stream. Abundant in duodenum

A

Enteroendocrine cells

38
Q

Cells that are responsible for secreting glucagon?

A

Alpha cells (pancreatic)

39
Q

Beta cells secretes what?

A

Insulin

40
Q

Secrete somatostatin

A

Delta cells

41
Q

Gamma cells secrete what?

A

Polypeptides

42
Q

Secretes into blood stream: takes the form of many small clusters of cells called islets of langerhans

A

Endocrine portion

43
Q

Secrets duct into duodenum

A

Exocrine portion

Secretes:

Pancreatic lipase
Amylase
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Chymotrypsinogen

44
Q

It is produced by the duodenum and regulates pancreatic juice secretion

A

Cholecystokinin

45
Q

Which of the following provides parasympathetic stimulation to the sigmoid colon?

A

S2-S4

46
Q

Organs located in the foregut region

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Proximal part of the duodenum
Spleen

47
Q

Arterial supply of the foregut

A

Celiac trunk

48
Q

Venous drainage of the foregut

A

Hepatic portal system

49
Q

Sympathetic innervation of foregut

A

Thoracic splanchnich nerve snapping in celiac plexus

50
Q

Organs located in the midgut include:

A

Distal part of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
2/3 of transverse colon

51
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of foregut and midgut

A

Vagus

52
Q

Arterial supply of the midgut

A

Superior messenteric artery

53
Q

Venous drainage of midgut

A

Hepatic portal vein ( via superior messenteric vein)

54
Q

Sympath innervation of midgut

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerve synapsing and in superior messenteric plexus

55
Q

Organs located in the hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

56
Q

Arterial supply of hindgut

A

Inferior messenteric artery

57
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of hindgut

A

S2-S4

.. DD ANATOMIC SCIENCES .. (15 decks)

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