Muscle Flashcards
Which of the following triangles is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid, the posterior belly of diagastric and superior belly of omohyoid muscle?
Carotid triangle
Contents of the submental triangle
Sumbental lymph nodes and floor of the mouth
What muscles assist in opening the pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube during swallowing?
Salpingopharyngeal
Origin of stylopharyngeus muscle
Styloid process of temporal bone
Pharynx
External circular layer includes:
Superior
Middle
Inferior pharyngeal contrictors
Internal longitudinal layer:
Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
All longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by______ except _____.
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
Stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Which of the following contains thick myosin filaments only?
H zone
Functional unit of the skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
The _____ is the most superficially located and the most strongest muscle of mastication.
Masseter
All muscles of mastication are innervated by the
Mandible division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
The anterior and superior pillars of the fauces enclose which area of lymphoid tissue?
Palatine tonsils
The anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces enclose which area of lymphoid tissue?
Palatine tonsils
Neurovascular bundle of the soft palate
Lesser palatine vein, artery and nerve
A narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the tongue
Fauces
Results from failure of complete fusion of the palatine shelves
Bifid uvula
These following muscles are innervated by the same nerve that innervated the muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Ant. Belly of the digastric
All of the muscles of mastication are innervated by the
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
All muscles of mastication receive blood from the
Pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery
All muscles of mastication are derived from
1st pharyngeal arch
Muscles of the tongue are innervated by what nerve?
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
❌ palatoglossus
Palatoglossus muscle is innervated by
Hypoglossal nerve
Pharyngeal plexus via vagus nerve
Provides sensory input to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Trigeminal nerve
Provides/ supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Muscles of the tongue are derived from
Myoblasts that migrate from myotomes of occipital somites
Connective tissue, lymphatics and blood vessels of the tongue are derived from
Pharyngeal arch mesenchyme
These muscles are responsible for elevating the mandible
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
❌ mylohyoid
Five paired skeletal muscles of the soft palate
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Uvular
All paired skeletal muscles of the soft palate are innervated by pharyngeal plexus except
Tensor veli palatini - a branch of nerve to the medial pterygoid
Diaphragm is innervated by
Phrenic nerve
- travels thru the thorax between the pericardium and pleura
What costal muscle can typically cross more than one intercostal space?
Subcostal
These muscles raise the ribs during inspiration
External intercostal muscles - runs PI
Subcostal muscles
These muscles depress the ribs during expiration (run posteriorly and inferiorly)
Internal intercostal muscles
These muscles pull through ribs downward during expiration
Transverse thoracic muscles
Name the molecule that lies along the surface of F-actin and physically covers myosin binding sites during the resting state
Tropomyosin
The right and left rectus abdominis muscles are entirely independent, being separated by a connective structure called the:
Linea alba
Posterior abdominal muscles include:
Psoas major and minor (inn. by lumbar plex)
Quadratus lumborum (lumbar plex)
Iliacus (femoral nerve)
The connective tissue layer surrounding each individual muscle fiber is called
Endomysium
Elongated and spindle shaped with single nucleus; they are responsible for involuntary movements of internal organs (e.g peristalsis )
Smooth muscle
Attaches to the skeleton and is responsible for voluntary body movement. Consists of many elongated, cylindrical cells which are multinucleated.
Skeletal muscle
Damage to this nerve results in hoarseness and difficulty breathing
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (located inferior to inferior of pharyngeal constrictor)
Supplies all intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid
Recurrent pharyngeal nerve
Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Plays an important role in cough reflex, which keeps the inferior of the larynx free of the foreign material
Internal laryngeal nerve
Contents of the axilla
Axilliary lymph nodes
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary sheath
Cords of brachial plexus
These infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid is innervated by
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
Suprahyoid muscles
Digastric (posterior and anterior belly)
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Major muscle for mouth opening
Anterior belly of the digastric
Infrahyoid muscles and their general function
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrothyroid
Omohyoid
DEPRESS HYOID
Most commonly injured in a mid-humeral shaft fracture
Radial nerve
Papillae
⚫️Most numerous arranged in v shaped rows
⚫️ absence of taste buds
⚫️ increased keratinization
Filiform
Papillae
⚫️mushroom shaped projections found on the top of the tongue
Fungiform
Papillae
⚫️ largest but fewest
⚫️arranged in v shaped rows at the back of the tongue
⚫️innervation?
Circumvallate (vallate)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Tongue papillae associated with ducts of Von Ebner’s glands
Circumvallate
Papillae
⚫️ found on lateral margins as 3-4 vertical folds
⚫️ innervated by facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
Foliate
Plummer Vinson syndrome triad
Dysphagia
Esophageal webs
Iron deficiency anemia
The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are (2)
Troponin
Tropomyosin
It is responsible for the skeletal muscle regeneration
Satellite cell
What muscle elevates and abducts the eyeball?
Inferior oblique
