respiratory Flashcards
what is asthma
asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in narrowing of the airways in response to various triggers
what factors play. role in asthma
genetic and environmental
what happens to the airways during an asthma attack
muscles around airways become tightened, walls become swollen, thick mucus narrows them even more
what are outdoor triggers of asthma
smoke, cold weather, pollution, pollen
what are indoor triggers of asthma
mold, pet dander, dust mites, cockroach droppings
food allergins which could trigger asthma
fish, shell fish, eggs, peanuts and soy
other triggers of asthma
Respiratory infections, stress, strong emotions, exercise
symptoms of asthma
coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness in chest
what is airway hyperresponsiveness
increased sensitivity of the airways
how can hypoxemia and hypoxia occur
the increased airway resistance can decrease the airflow into and out of the lungs. leading to a V/Q (ventilation/ perfusion) mis match. if not relieved leads to hypoxia
how is asthma and hypercapnia related
hypercapnia is too much CO2 in blood. If hyperventilation occurs sometimes it can result in insufficent removal of C02 which can be life threatening
atopic vs non atopic asthma
atopic asthma has a trigger which is related to allergen irritant such as pollen or weather conditions. non atopic does not get triggered by allergies
what is cyctic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition which results in abnormalities of secretory epithelia throughout the body
how would someone have cyctic fibrosis
inherited disorder
what part of the body does cyctic fibrosis effect particularly
respiratory and pancreas
how does cyctic fibrosis affect respiratory system
Thick, sticky mucous reduces airflow in bronchioles, can plug small airways
what are the abnormalities that the specfic gene codes for
abnormalities in chloride channel proteins, resulting in decreased chloride secretion. This results in abnormally thick and sticky mucus which can impair functions within the affected areas.
Chronic infections and subsequent inflammation within the respiratory system leads to a progressive decline in lung function, what can this be associated with.
abscess & cyst formation
brochiectasis
pneumonia
pulmonary hypertension & cor pulmonale
what are some treatment options for cyctic fibrosis
chest physiotherapy
positive pressure devices
inhaled mucus thinning solutions
antibiotics
nutritional supplementation & enzymes
symptoms of cyctic fibrosis
Chronic cough, short of breath , repeated chest infections
