cancer Flashcards
when does cancer occur
occur when we have the development of tumors
are tumors always cancerous
tumors can occur without them being cancerous
what is a tumor
a tumor is a collection of cells which have developed due to abnorml growth within a tissue.
what is a benign tumor
its a non cancerous tumor - more growth of cells
what distinguishes these cells as benign
growth is self limiting, encapsulated, remaining within the tissue where those cells should be, no spread
what is a malignant tumor
a cancerous tumor - mroe growth of abnormal cells
what distinguishes these as being malignant
dont look as similar to the original tissue, less cell differentiation, a more generic cell, abnormal tissue organisation, metastasis
proto oncogenes + mutation
genes that code for regulating normal cell growth
if mutation occurs this gene will be coded for unregulated cell growth resulting in lots of cell growth in abnormal pattern
tumor supressor genes+ mutations
genes that code for a variety of protons that slow or stop mitosis initiate DNA repair, increase immune destruction of tumor cells, trigger cellular apoptosis. if mutation occurs you get a loss of these protein reulations as listed above, ultimately leading to excess abnormal proliferaition of cells
general signs and symptoms of cancer
highly variable due to so many types of cancer
pain, tissue wasting/weight loss, fatigue
how do you detect cancer
scans= MRI, CT,PET
tumor markers, biopsy
treatment options for cancer
surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
immunotherapy
hormone therapy
gene therapy
