red blood cells

Question 1

what is anemia

Answer 1

anemia is the reduction in the haemoglobin concentration of the blood with a decrease in the total number of circulating erythrocytes

Question 2

when is anemia considered severe

Answer 2

when the haemoglobin level on lab results drop below 70

Question 3

how does anemia occur

Answer 3

from not making enough red blood cells or destroying them too quickly to be replaced

Question 4

what is hypoxia

Answer 4

decreased oxygen level in the tissues

Question 5

what is hypoxemia

Answer 5

decreased oxygen level in blood

Question 6

why does anaemia relate to hypoxia and hypoxemia

Answer 6

becasue haemaglobin carries oxygen to the cells

Question 7

what does our body do to compensate for the reduction of oxygen in our tissues

Answer 7

increase in heart rate and stroke volume. respiratory rate increases. kindeys retain more salt and water which increases blood pressure

Question 8

what are initial symptoms of anaemia

Answer 8

fatigue, pallor, feeling cold, increased resp rate, decreased ability to physically exert ones self

Question 9

if anaemia progresses what will be the symptoms

Answer 9

fluid overload and heart failure, tachycardia/palpitations, dyspnoea, dizziness

Question 10

what is the most common form of anaemia

Answer 10

iron deficiency anaemia , common in children and women of child bearing years.

Question 11

what does iron deficiency anaemia cause

Answer 11

decreased erythropoietin from the kidneys trying to make red blood cells, decreased iron intake, decrease absorption of iron from the small intestine, decreased need for iron, excessive loss of iron, gastrectomy

Question 12

macrocytic anaemia

Answer 12

macrocytic= large cell. result from vitamin B deficiences.

Question 13

folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 13

results from vitamin B6 deficiences. folate is needed for red blood cells to fully develop

Question 14

folate deficiency anaemia causes

Answer 14

alcohol, malnourishment, pregnanc/lactation

Question 15

symptoms of folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 15

all symotms of anaemia, mouth ulcers, inflammation, fissures, headaches, weight loss, diarrhoea

Question 16

treatment for folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 16

folate tablets

Question 17

examples of macrocytic anaemia

Answer 17

folate deficiency and pernicious anaemia

Question 18

what is pernicious anaemia

Answer 18

vitamin B12 deficiency - lack of intrinsic factor

Question 19

what causes penicious anaemia

Answer 19

gastrectomy, chronic atropic gastritis, chrohns disease, long term use of protein pumo inhibitors , vegan diets

Question 20

symptoms of pernicious anaemia

Answer 20

develops over 20-30 years, not caught until severe, mood swings, difficulty walking, sore beefy tongue

Question 21

treatment for pernicious

Answer 21

injections or oral treatmnet, fatal if not treated

Question 22

what is disseminated intrvascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 22

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a thrombohaemorrhagic disorder that involves widespread thrombus formation throughout the microvasculature, followed by hemorrhage.

Question 23

Triggering events for DIC

Answer 23

sepsis, cancer, pregnancy complications, haemorrhage, hypovolemic shock

Question 24

what occurs with DIC

Answer 24

blood clots begi to block flow of blood to organs, organs bein to fail in function, so much clotting factors gets used up thaat the patient begins to haemorhage

Question 25

symptoms of a DIC

Answer 25

Organ dysfunction from the clots, seizure, oliguria, haemturia, hyoxia, tachycardia, hypotension, chest pain, cyanosis to extemities

Question 26

treatment for DIC

Answer 26

DIC will not stop until the stimukus causing the coagulation is removed or treated, IV fluids are given to help with failure of the heart and kidneys, anticoagulation or plasma,