questiona from LT all topics

Question 1

Outline the cardiovascular changes that occur with aging that can increase blood pressure in the older adult.

Answer 1

decreasd elasticity in large arteries, endothelial damage & inflammation, artheriosclerotic plaque formation

Question 2

Describe at least two (2) changes that occur to the cardiovascular system with aging.

Answer 2

reduction in the number of myocytes
increased in myocyte fibrosus
left ventricular hypertrophy
degeneration of valves

Question 3

List and describe the stages of tooth decay.

Answer 3

enamel lesions - deminerlization of enamel, chalky white spots

enamel decay - loss and erosion of enamel, discolouration

dentin decay, bacteria begins to break down the dentin, called cavitation

pulp involvement - damage of the blood vessels and nerves

development of absess - at the base of the root increasing risk of infection beyond the oral cavity

Question 4

What are the recommendations from the Ministry of Health for sustaining good oral hygiene/health?

Answer 4

good diet

good oral health hygiene

incorperation of fluoride

Question 5

which is a major consequence of left sided heart failure is:
a. pulmonary oedema
b. peripheral oedema
c.ascites
d.renal hypertension

Answer 5

a. pulmonary odema

Question 6

Outline the key differences between systolic and diastolic heart failure.

Answer 6

systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. decreased ability of the ventricle to pump blood

systolic heart failure with preserved ejection function. decreased ability of the ventricle to fill blood

Question 7

What will happen after an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures?

Answer 7

thrombus forms over the sight of rupture

Question 8

Briefly outline the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque once foam cells have formed.

Answer 8

An accumulation of foam cells results in a fatty streak within the tunica intima. calcium deposits form causing

Question 9

Outline at least three (3) preventative measures for DVT.

Answer 9

mobilizng after long peiofd of immobolizzation

good hydration

avoid sitting for too long

Question 10

List the three main factors which promote deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Answer 10

endothelial injury

blood stasis

hypercoagulation

Question 11

What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism? Atherosclerosis

Answer 11

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 12

Which of the following possible outcomes of DVT carries the greatest risk?

Answer 12

embolisation