cardiac Flashcards
what is left sided heart failure usually caused by?
systolic pumping dysfunction causing the left ventricle to not pump blood effectively. this is due to damage of the myocardium
what is ischemic heart disease?
another common cause of left sided failure is ischemic heart disease (plaque build up) as less blood and oxygen gets through the coronary artery to the heart tissue which damages myocardium
how can long standing hypertension also result in left sided heart failure
Increased arterial pressure makes it harder to pump blood resulting in hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle. Hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle means there is an increase in oxygen demand and coronary arteries get squeezed down making a weaker contraction resulting in systolic failure
what is dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy heart chamber dialtes in an attempt to fil the ventricle up with alrger volumes of blood or preload and stetching msucle walls and increase contraction strength overtime muscle walls get weaker and thinner resulting in systolic left sided heart failure
what is concentric hypertrophy caused by
long standing hypertension.
what is aortic stenosis
Narrowing of the aortic valve opening as well as hypertrophic myopathy
what else can long standing hypertension cause
diastolic left sided heart failure through concentric hypertrophy
what is concentric hypertrophy
new sarcomere are generated In parallel with the existing ones resulting in less room for blood also causing diastolic failure
what else is concentric hypertrophy caused by apart from hypertension
Aortic stenosis
(Narrowing of the aortic valve opening) as well as hypertrophic myopathy (abnormal ventricular wall thickening)
why is restrictive cardiomyopathy another cause of diastolic L heart failure
restrictive cardiomyopathy heart muscles get stiffer cant fill with blood leading to diastolic heart failure
what is arteriosclerosis
The thickening and hardening of the wall arteries
why does arteriosclerosis occur
occurs uring the migration of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers in the tunica intima with subsequent mineral deposition - progressively narrows the lumen of the artery
what can contribute to these changes in blood vessel walls
changes in lipid, cholseterol and phospholipid metabolism
what is the most common type of arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
how does atherosclerosis occur
when intra arterial fat and fibrin deposits form within the vessel wall, hardening overtime
