digestive system

Question 1

what is GORD

Answer 1

This is a chronic condition where reflux occurs frequently. The backflow of stomach acid into the osephagus

Question 2

what can GORD cause

Answer 2

weak lower oesophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, due to increased pressure from lifting or bending, coughing or vomiting

Question 3

what are symptoms of GORD

Answer 3

heart burn, abdominal pain asthma

Question 4

treatments for GORD

Answer 4

antactics, PPls, lose weight, stop smoking

Question 5

why do newborns often have GORD

Answer 5

because their sphincter muscles arent developed yet

Question 6

How can GORD lead to ospehogitis

Answer 6

The acidic stomach contents irritate and damage the mucosal lining of the oesophagus and this can lead to persistent oesophagitis.

Question 7

what is peptic ulcer disease

Answer 7

breaks in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum, this break exposes deeper layers in the GI tract wall to stomach acid and digestive enzymes. which can erode deeper layers

Question 8

what are the two types of ulcers you can get from peptic ulcer disease

Answer 8

duodenal ulcer (more common) and gastric ulcer

Question 9

how can gastric ulcers occur

Answer 9

by medications (steroids, NSAIDS). H.Plyori bacteria. increased stomach acid from duodenum can make it more susceptible to ulcers. chronic gastritis

Question 10

how can duodenal ulcers occur

Answer 10

nearly everyone is infected with H.Pylori but is also affected by NSAIDS. or created by hypersecretion of acid or reduction of bicarbonate in the duodenum.

Question 11

symptoms of gastric ulcer

Answer 11

pain when food is in the stomach, acid is being secretd into the stomach which causes more pain

Question 12

since gastric ulcers can be chronic and slow healing what can they lead to

Answer 12

anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, and bleeding

Question 13

symptoms of duodenal ulcer

Answer 13

epigastric pain when the stomach is empty, may be asymptomatic until perforation and haemorrhage

Question 14

duodenal healing time

Answer 14

heal quicker than gastric ulcer but are usually more likely to have exacerbations and remissions

Question 15

how would a peptic ulcer present

Answer 15

coffee ground vomit, blood in the vomit, epigastric discomfort or pain, nausea, ingestion symptoms, melaena

Question 16

how do you manage a peptic ulcer

Answer 16

high dose protien pump inhibitors, endoscopy

Question 17

what longer implications can occur from peptic ulcer

Answer 17

bleeding leading to anemia, perforation hole in stomach, fluid leaks to peritonea- urgant surgerical repair, scarring of stomach can narrow pyloris meanin food cannot leave the stomach
or life threatening haemorage

Question 18

what is crohns disease

Answer 18

is an inflammatory bowel disease which can affect all layer of the GI tract wall

Question 19

How does someone get crohns disease

Answer 19

its an autoimmune disorder

Question 20

what does crohns disease affect

Answer 20

the entire digestive system - mouth to anus

Question 21

where does inflammation from crohns disease affect GI wall

Answer 21

starts in the submucosal layer and spreads to affect all layers of the intestine

Question 22

how does crohns disease present

Answer 22

diarrhoea, beccause small intestine is invoved digestion and absorption are affected. blood can occur but less common

Question 23

what are other complictions that can come from crohns disease

Answer 23

fisrulae, structure, anemia due to not being able to absorb vitamin B12

Question 24

how can you manage crohns disease

Answer 24

it can often require surgery

Question 25

what is ucerative colitis

Answer 25

it is an inflammatory bowel disease which only affects the large intestine

Question 26

what can the inflammation do to the GI layer of ulcerative colitis

Answer 26

it can break down the mucosal layer which can cause abssess

Question 27

symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Answer 27

larger, watery often bloody diarrhoea with cramping (mild to severe)

Question 28

what are other complications that can occur woth ulcerative colitis

Answer 28

anal fissures, haemorrhouds, perirectal abscesses