digestive system Flashcards
what is GORD
This is a chronic condition where reflux occurs frequently. The backflow of stomach acid into the osephagus
what can GORD cause
weak lower oesophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, due to increased pressure from lifting or bending, coughing or vomiting
what are symptoms of GORD
heart burn, abdominal pain asthma
treatments for GORD
antactics, PPls, lose weight, stop smoking
why do newborns often have GORD
because their sphincter muscles arent developed yet
How can GORD lead to ospehogitis
The acidic stomach contents irritate and damage the mucosal lining of the oesophagus and this can lead to persistent oesophagitis.
what is peptic ulcer disease
breaks in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum, this break exposes deeper layers in the GI tract wall to stomach acid and digestive enzymes. which can erode deeper layers
what are the two types of ulcers you can get from peptic ulcer disease
duodenal ulcer (more common) and gastric ulcer
how can gastric ulcers occur
by medications (steroids, NSAIDS). H.Plyori bacteria. increased stomach acid from duodenum can make it more susceptible to ulcers. chronic gastritis
how can duodenal ulcers occur
nearly everyone is infected with H.Pylori but is also affected by NSAIDS. or created by hypersecretion of acid or reduction of bicarbonate in the duodenum.
symptoms of gastric ulcer
pain when food is in the stomach, acid is being secretd into the stomach which causes more pain
since gastric ulcers can be chronic and slow healing what can they lead to
anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, and bleeding
symptoms of duodenal ulcer
epigastric pain when the stomach is empty, may be asymptomatic until perforation and haemorrhage
duodenal healing time
heal quicker than gastric ulcer but are usually more likely to have exacerbations and remissions
how would a peptic ulcer present
coffee ground vomit, blood in the vomit, epigastric discomfort or pain, nausea, ingestion symptoms, melaena
how do you manage a peptic ulcer
high dose protien pump inhibitors, endoscopy
what longer implications can occur from peptic ulcer
bleeding leading to anemia, perforation hole in stomach, fluid leaks to peritonea- urgant surgerical repair, scarring of stomach can narrow pyloris meanin food cannot leave the stomach
or life threatening haemorage
what is crohns disease
is an inflammatory bowel disease which can affect all layer of the GI tract wall
How does someone get crohns disease
its an autoimmune disorder
what does crohns disease affect
the entire digestive system - mouth to anus
where does inflammation from crohns disease affect GI wall
starts in the submucosal layer and spreads to affect all layers of the intestine
how does crohns disease present
diarrhoea, beccause small intestine is invoved digestion and absorption are affected. blood can occur but less common
what are other complictions that can come from crohns disease
fisrulae, structure, anemia due to not being able to absorb vitamin B12
how can you manage crohns disease
it can often require surgery
what is ucerative colitis
it is an inflammatory bowel disease which only affects the large intestine
what can the inflammation do to the GI layer of ulcerative colitis
it can break down the mucosal layer which can cause abssess
symptoms of ulcerative colitis
larger, watery often bloody diarrhoea with cramping (mild to severe)
what are other complications that can occur woth ulcerative colitis
anal fissures, haemorrhouds, perirectal abscesses
