Respiratory

Question 1

3 factors that affect pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

surface tension
lung compliance
airway diameter

Question 2

define pulmonary respiration

Answer 2

exchange of gases in the lungs

Question 3

what muscles are used with normal (quiet) breathing for inhalation and exhalation

Answer 3

diaphragm
external intercostals

Question 4

what muscles are used with forced inspiration

Answer 4

SCM
scalenes
pec minor

Question 5

what muscles are used with forced expiration during exhalation

Answer 5

abdominals
intercostals

Question 6

what part of the brain controls respiration

Answer 6

medulla
pontine

Question 7

list the 3 main cells within a pulmonary lobule

Answer 7

type I alveolar
type II alveolar
macrophages (dust cell)

Question 8

what does type I alveolar do

Answer 8

gas exchange respiratory membrane

Question 9

what does type II alveolar do

Answer 9

secrete surfactant

Question 10

what does the epiglottis do

Answer 10

separates trachea from esophagus

Question 11

what is pitch

Answer 11

tension in vocal cords

no tension = no sound

when taut = higher pitch

Question 12

terminal bronchioles lead into the respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 13

proces of inhalation and exhalation

Question 14

what is pulmonary respiration

Answer 14

gas exchange in lungs

happening in type I alveolar cells

Question 15

internal respiration

Answer 15

O2 in bloodstream throughout body

Question 16

external respiration

Answer 16

happens in alveoli

Question 17

when pressure goes up, volume goes down

when pressure goes down volume goes up

when diaphragm relaxes - increased pressure in lungs – decreased volume — increased air flows out

Question 18

boyle’s law states

Answer 18

volume and pressure are inversely proportional

if volume increases, the pressure decreases

Question 19

rule #1 states

Answer 19

gases move from high to low pressure

Question 20

daltons law states

Answer 20

mixtures of gases **
behave Independently

Question 21

exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and outside air is governed by PASSIVE DIFFUSION regulated by which laws

Answer 21

Dalton’s
henrys

Question 22

what is eupnea

Answer 22

normal, quiet breathing

Question 23

which layers contain C rings

Answer 23

hyaline cartilage

Question 24

where does internal respiration take place

Answer 24

body

Question 25

where does external respiration take place

Answer 25

alevoli

Question 26

what factors decrease airflow in respiratory system

Answer 26

increased PNS activity

Question 27

hemoglobin molecule binds 4 atoms of iron, allowing it to bind to 4 molecules of oxygen

Question 28

% of O2 carried in blood by hemoglobin

Answer 28

98.5%

Question 29

what muscles are involved w normal (quiet breathing) (inspiration or expiration)

Answer 29

external intercostals and diaphragm

Question 30

which muscles are involved with deep breathing (inspiration)

Answer 30

SCM, scalene's, pec minor

Question 31

which muscles involved with deep EXPIRATION breathing

Answer 31

abdominals and intercostals

Question 32

where does gas exchange start

Answer 32

respiratory bronchioles

Question 33

what is the carina

Answer 33

where bronchi separate and where the cough reflex is highly sensitive area

Question 34

which side of the lung has the horizontal fissure and middle lobe

Answer 34

right side

Question 35

which side of the lung has the cardiac fissure

Answer 35

left

Question 36

4 alveolar wall layers

Answer 36

type 1 and 2 epithelial basement membrane capillary base membrane capillary endothelium

Question 37

components of air

Answer 37

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other gases

Question 38

what does surfactant do

Answer 38

increases surface tension keeping alveoli open prevents collapsing

Question 39

henry's law

Answer 39

gases in a solution proportional gases and fluids supplemental oxygen

Question 40

what is the conducting zone

Answer 40

bringing air into lungs nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 41

what is the respiratory zone

Answer 41

site of gas exchange secondary segmental bronchi, tertiary bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveola sacs and alveoli

Question 42

chemoreceptors detect

Answer 42

levels of O2, H+, CO2 found in carotid and aortic arches

Question 43

what produces sound in vocal cords

Answer 43

air passing through CLOSED vocal cords

Question 44

what does the fluid in between the pleural cavity do (surfactant)

Answer 44

decrease friction

Question 45

when you breath air into lungs, how much air reaches respiratory bronchioles

Answer 45

70%

Question 46

how is CO2 carried in blood

Answer 46

carbonic acid bicarbonate

Question 47

function of respiratory system

Answer 47

gas exchange and regulate pH

Question 48

upper respiratory tract

Answer 48

nose pharynx

Question 49

lower respiratory tract

Answer 49

larynx voicebox trachea bronchi lungs

Question 50

which way does the epiglottis move for breathing

Answer 50

anteriorly

Question 51

name the tonsils

Answer 51

pharyngeal lingual palatine

Question 52

what is the glottis

Answer 52

space over the vocal cords

Question 53

why are mens voices lower

Answer 53

thicker and longer vocal cords vibrate SLOWER

Question 54

what is the conducting zone

Answer 54

bringing air into lungs, no gas exchange nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles

Question 55

what is the blood supply to the lungs

Answer 55

bronchiole arteries

Question 56

what does SNS stimulation do to the respiratory system

Answer 56

causes airway dilation or patent PNS constricts

Question 57

what muscle is responsible for opening of vocal cords

Answer 57

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 58

what muscle is responsible for closing of vocal cords

Answer 58

lateral cricoarytenoid muscle