digestive Flashcards
4 layers of the GI tract
mucosa (inside)
submucosa
muscularis
serosa/adventitia
where does the GI tract start and end
starts at mouth ends at rectum
where are the salivary glands in the mouth
sublinguinal - underneath tongue
parotid glands - buccal (cheek)
submandibular glands - floor of mouth
pancreatic juices are made of what
enzymes
bicarbonate
water
salts
what % of the original food matter you eat makes it to your feces
50%
cholecystokinin is secreted by the D____ which stimulate the G____ to secrete bile
duodenum
gall bladder
lipids require formation of a special layer called ___ for proper absorption
micelle
which enzymes break down proteins in the duodenum
trypsin
which enzyme breaks down carbs in the duodenum
lactase
the submucosal plexus is responsible for S____ and the myenteric plexus is responsible for M___
secretion
motility
by which mechanisms do humans loose heat to maintain 37 degrees
convection
conduction
evaporation
what occurs during the absorptive state (right after a meal)
glucose is turned into ATP
insulin is released by pancreatic beta cells
glycolysis takes place in the _____ of cell and the krebs cycle takes place in ____ of the cell
cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
the breakdown of glycogen to make glucose is called what?
glycogenolysis
the process of making glucose out of protein and lipids is called
glucogenesis
P___ is turned into A____ which enters the kreb cycle
pyruvate
acetyl CoA
what % of adipose tissue is stored in the subcutaneous layer
50%
beta oxidation is the first step of?
lipolysis
what vitamin depends on B9 to activate
B12
beriberi is caused by what deficiency
B1
pellegra is caused by what deficiency
B3
which mineral is most predominant in our body
calcium
what mineral is a mm relaxant
magnesium
vit D deficiency can lead to what in childen
rickets