RESPIRATORY Flashcards
what is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood & cells
Respiration
3 processes required for respiration
Ventilation
pulmonary respiration
internal respiration
the cardiovascular system helps respiratory system by
transporting gases
parts of upper respiratory system
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
parts of lower respiratory system
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs - alveoli
2 zones of respiratory system
Conducting & respiratory zones
involves warming of air, filtering & humidifying air
Conducting zones
involves in exchange of gases
Respiratory zones
organ parts of conducting zones
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
organ parts of respiratory zones
respiratory bronchioles (smallest airway)
alveolar ducts (connects bronchioles to sacs)
alveolar sacs (gas exchanges)
there is exchange of gases in the upper respiratory system. (T/F)
FALSE. It only occurs in the lower respiratory system
Which lung is larger, higher & has 3 lobes
R. Lung
which lung has a notch for the heart
L. lung
which bronchi is wider, shorter & vertical
R. bronchi
prevents entry of food in the throat
epiglottis
what part of the lungs in where the exchange of gasses occur
Alveoli
Where does the air enter through the nose?
nostrils
filter & humidify air
Nasal Conchae
Surface anatomy of nose
Root
Bridge
Apex
External naris
increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity
conchae
Paranasal sinuses bones
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary
they lighten skull ; resonance chambers for speech; produce mucus
Sinuses
3 regions of pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
common passageways for air and food
Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
detect pathogens
palatine tonsils
routes air & food into proper channels ; role in speech
Larynx
larynx is made out of
8 hyaline cartilage
vibrate to produce sound
vocal folds
routes food to larynx & air toward trachea
epiglottis
largest hyaline cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
the trachea is lined with
ciliated mucosa
R. bronchi
primary bronchi
bronchi that is in the end of the conducting zone
terminal bronchioles
Coverings of the lungs
Visceral pleura
parietal pleura
pleural fluid
covers lung surface
visceral pleura
lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
fills area between layers of pleura to allow gliding
pleural fluid
the apex of the lungs is near the clavicle. (t/f)
True
smallest branches of the bronchi
bronchioles
2 types of alveolar cells
type 1 & type 2
thin squamous epithelial layer lining alveolar walls
respiratory membrane
covers external surfaces of alveoli
pulmonary capillaries
diverts blood from poorly ventilated areas to well ventilated areas
Vasoconstriction
through what way do gas cross the respiratory membrane?
diffusion
in gas exchange, the oxygen enters the?
blood
in gas exchange, the carbon dioxide enters the?
alveoli
which coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces
Surfactant
it is the moving of air in and out of the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation
it is the gas exchange between pulmonary blood & alveoli
External respiration
the gas exchange between blood & tissue cells in systemic capillaries
Internal respiration
the transport of oxygen & carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
Respiratory gas transport
2 phases of breathing / pulmonary ventilation
Inspiration
Expiration
during inspiration, the size of the thoracic cavity ____
increases
during inspiration, the diaphragm & intercostal muscles___
contract
a passive process that depends on natural lung elasticity
Exhalation
during what process in which the ribs are depressed as external intercostals relax ; diaphragm
Expiration
what process in which the diaphragm moves superiorly as it relaxes
Expiration
normal pressure within the pleural space is always__
negative
normal breathing moves about ___ml of air
500ml
after exhalation, about ___ml of air remains in the lungs
1200
amount of air forcibly inhaled
Inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
Expiratory reserve volume
air remaining in lung after expiration
Residual volume
total amount of exchangeable air
Vital capacity
in transporting of oxygen of blood, 98.5% of it is carried by___
hemoglobin
70% of Co2 is transported as
bicarbonate ions
alveoli enlarges; chronic inflammation; airways collapse in expiration ; overinflation
emphysema
chronic bronchitis ; major cause of death & disability
COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic inflamed hypersensitive passage ; cough & wheezing
Asthma
