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CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

the bigger the mammal

A

the slower the heart rate

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2
Q

a healthy heart rate pumps how many liters per min

A

5 liters

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3
Q

What allows blood to circulate to the body

A

Blood vessels

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4
Q

the cardiovascular system deliver oxygen and nutrients to remove ___

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Location of heart

A

thorax between lungs
apex toward to left hip

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6
Q

size of heart

A

14 cm long
9cm wide

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7
Q

the heart is __ pumps in ___

A

2 pumps in 1

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8
Q

the right side of the heart pumps blood

A

to the lungs through and back to the left side; pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

the left side of the heart pumps blood to the

A

other tissues to the body back to the right side through systematic circulation

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10
Q

functions of the heart

A

generate blood pressure
routes blood
ensures one way blood flow
regulates blood supply

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11
Q

pouch surrounding the heart ; double layered sac anchoring and protecting heart

A

pericardium

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12
Q

2 types of pericardium

A

fibrous
serous

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13
Q

outer side

A

fibrous

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14
Q

inner side

A

serous

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15
Q

2 layers of serous

A

parietal
visceral

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16
Q

fluid between parietal and visceral layer

A

serous fluid (promote cushion)

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17
Q

membrane around hearts cavity

A

parietal pericardium

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18
Q

membrane on hearts surface

A

visceral pericardium

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19
Q

space between parietal and visceral

A

pericardial cavity

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20
Q

3 layers of heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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21
Q

extend around heart; separate atria from ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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22
Q

extends inferiorly from coronary sulcus to the anterior surface of heart

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

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23
Q

arteries goes

A

down

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24
Q

veins go

A

UP

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25
Q

extends inferiorly from coronary sulcus on the posterior surface

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

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26
Q

pushes blood to ventricles

A

atria

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27
Q

separate l & r atria

A

interatrial septum

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28
Q

separates r & l ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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29
Q

the atria is thin walled and ventricle is strong walled (T/F)

30
Q

valves between the atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular heart valves

31
Q

2 Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid
Bicuspid/Mitral

31
Q

valves between ventricl and artery

A

semilunar valves

32
Q

2 semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary semilunar
Aortic semilunar

33
Q

semilunar valve between RV & pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary valve

34
Q

semilun valve between L.V and aorta

A

Aortic valve

35
Q

causes the LUBB sound

A

Atrioventricular Heart Valves

36
Q

causes the DUPP sound

A

Semilunar Heart Valves

36
Q

has fibrous rings that surround atri and semil valves; electrical insulation; provide rigid attachment site

A

Cardiac Skeleton

37
Q

supply blood to heart wall ; base of aorta

A

coronary arteries

38
Q

supply blood to anterior heart wall & left ventricle ; 3 branches

A

Left coronary artery

39
Q

the blood empties to the right atrium via the

A

coronary sinus

40
Q

drains blood from cardiac muscle

A

cardiac veins

40
Q

surface of the heart ; connective tissue layer ; parietal

A

epicardium

41
Q

thick middle layer of cardiac ; cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

41
Q

smooth inner surface of heart ; endothelium

A

endocardium

42
Q

changes in membrane channels permeability; produce action potentials

A

pacemaker potential

42
Q

how many seconds does skeletal / cardiac muscle action potentials take?

A

2msec for skel
200-500 msec for cardiac

43
Q

record of electrical events in heart ; cardiac abnormalities ; electrodes

A

Electrocardiogram

44
Q

ECG contains

A

P waves
QRS complex
T waves

45
Q

atrial contraction

46
Q

ventricular contraction

A

QRS complex

47
Q

Ventricular relaxation

48
Q

Systole =
Diastole =

A

contraction
relaxation

49
Q

volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction

A

Stroke volume

50
Q

Stroke volume mililiter/beat

A

70 milliliters/beat

51
Q

heart rate : beats/min

52
Q

volume of blood pumped by a ventricle

A

Cardiac output 6 liters /min

53
Q

formula of cardiac output

A

CO = SV x HR

54
Q

hormones that can increase heart rate

A

Epinephrine
thyroxine

55
Q

sympathetic nervous system is an

A

increase of heart rate

56
Q

parasympathetic nervous system is an

A

decrease of heart rate

57
Q

highblood pressure is an

A

decrease of heart rate

58
Q

connects arteriole to venule

A

Vascular shunt

59
Q

the exchange of vessels ; oxygen & nutrients cross

A

True capillaries

60
Q

pressure wave of blood

61
Q

mechanisms contained within the heart that control cardiac output

A

Instrinsic regulatiion

62
Q

amount of blood that returns to heart

A

venous return

63
Q

degree of ventricular walls stretched at diastole

64
Q

pressure on which ventricles mus pump blood

A

after load

65
Q

mechanism of nervous system; role in regulating heart function

A

Baroreceptor reflex

66
Q

the baroreceptor monitors:

A

blood pressure in aorta & carotid arteries

ANAPHY (26 decks)

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