ENDOCRINE Flashcards
fluids that regulate metabolic activity of other cells
Hormones
hormones that act locally
Prostaglandins
regulating blood levels ; maintaining homeostasis
negative feedback
3 STIMULIS THAT ACTIVATE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
hormonal, humoral & neural
endocrine glands are prodded into action by other hormones
hormonal stimuli
changing of blood levels stimulates hormone release
humoral stimuli
ductless glands that produce hormones that they release into blood or lymph
endocrine glands
releasing products at body surface through ducts
exocrine glands
hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
master endocrine gland
Anterior pituitary gland
hormones controlling the releasing of hormones of anterior pg
releasing & inhibiting hormones
it acts as a storage are for hormones made by hypothalamic neurons
posterior pituitary glands
released during birth & nursing; stimulates contractions of uterine muscle in sexual relations, during labor & during breast feeding
Oxytocin
urine production
diuresis
chemical inhibits urine production
antidiuretic hormone
constriction of arterioles
vasopressin
hyposecretion of ADH ; excessive urine
diabetes insipidus
6 anterior pituitary hormones
growth hormone
prolactin
follicle stimulating
luteinizing
thyrotropic
adrenocorticotropic
general metabloic hormone ; growth of skeletal muscles; final body size
Growth hormone
protein hormone structure ;target in humans is breast; stimulates and maintains milk production in breasts
Prolactin
stimulates follicle development in ovaries
follicle stimulating hormone
regulate hormonal activity of the gonads / ovaries and testes
gonadotropic hormones
triggers ovulation of egg from ovary
luteinizing hormone
lack of ability to reproduce
sterility
influences growth & activity of thyroid gland
Thyrotropic hormone
regulates endocrine activity of the cortex portion of adrenal gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
small cone shaped gland hangs from roof of 3rd ventricle of the brain
pineal gland
pineal gland releases
melatonin (SLEEP TRIGGER)
base of throat; inferior to adams apple
thyroid gland
hollow structures ; store sticky colloidal material
follicles
BODY’S MAJOR METABOLIC HORMONE
thyroid hormone
t3 (has 3 iodine atoms)
t4(has 4 iodine atoms)
triiodothyronine
thyroxine
decreases blood calcium level ; made by parafollicular cells
calcitonin
tiny masses of glandular tissue; posterior face of thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of blood
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
it acts to increase blood level of calcium ions
hypercalcemic
essential for normal development of white blood cells
thymosin
3 corticosteroids
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones
regulating salt content of blood ; sodium & potassium ions; targets kidney tubules
mineralocorticoids / aldosterone
causes the release of aldosterone
Renin
promote normal cell matabolism ; resist long term stressors ; increase glucose level
glucocorticoids
knot of nervous tissue ; releases cathecolamines
adrenal medulla
male sex hormones
female sex hormones
androgen
estrogen
mixed gland
pancreas
little masses of endocrine tissue
islet of langerhans
only hormone that decreases blood glucose level
insulin
ovaries produce 2 hormones
estrogen & progesteron
hormones of testes
testosterone
responsible for development of sex characteristics in women ; growth & maturation in reproductive organs
estrogen
brings out menstruation ; quiets muscles of uterus
progesterone
promotes growth and maturation of repro of man
testosterone
formed temporarily in uterus of pregnant women
placenta
hormone produced by embryo & fetal part of placenta ; to continue producing estrogen
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
hormone preparing breast for lactation
Human placental lactogen
hormone causing mother pelvic ligaments to relx during birth
Relaxin
