LYMPHATIC Flashcards
transports fluids back to blood; role in defense & resistance to disease
Lymphatic system
semi independent parts of lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels, tissues & organs
excess tissue fluid carried by lymphatic vessels
Lymph
properties of lymphatic vessels
-one way system toward the heart
-no pump
-milks action of skeletal muscle
filter out bacteria that enters
lymph nodes
this where the fluid leaks ; has flapping minivalves
Lymph capillaries
collects lymph from capillaries & to & away from lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
2 lymphatic ducts
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
empties into left subclavian veins ; largest vessel
Thoracic duct
empties into right subclavian vein ; r.upper quadrant
Right lymphatic duct
materials returned to blood
Water
Blood cells
Proteins
Defense cells within the lymph nodes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
destroy foreign substance
Macrophages
provide immune response to antigens
Lymphocytes
Outer part of lymph nodes ; has follicles
cortex
inner part of lymph nodes; has phagocytic macrophages
Medulla
flow of lymph through nodes
- Lymph enters afferent lymphatic vessels
- Lymph flows through sinuses
- Lymph exits efferent lymphatic vessels
organs that contribute to lymphatic function
spleen, thymus, tonsils & peyers patches
what organ in the lymphatic system filters blood, destroys worn-out blood cells, forms blood cells in fetus & blood reservoir
Spleen
the thymus functions only at peak levels only during___
childhood
small masses of lymphoid tissue in pharynx; trap & remove bacteria
Tonsils
this is cause by congestion w bacteria
Tonsilitis
found in walls of small intestine& destroys its bactera; resemble tonsils structure;
Peyer’s patches
the sentinal to protect respiratory & digestive tracts
Mucosa-Associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
2 body defense systems
Nonspecific defense system
specific defense system
mechanism that protect invaders; protect body
Nonspecific defense system
also knows as the immune system
specific defense system
skin, human cells, chemicals by the body &mucous membranes are part of the
nonspecific defense system
physical barrier to foreign materials
skin
secretes hydrochloric acid & protein enzymes
stomach mucosa
what traps microorganisms in digestive & respiratory pathways
Mucus
kill cancer cells/ virus has cytotoxic granules
natural killer cells
triggered when body tissues are injured ; PREVENT SPREAD ; DISPOSES CELLS ; REPAIR
inflammatory defense
has 20 plasma proteins ; inactive form; ACTIVATED WHEN ATTACH TO CELLS
Complement
secreted proteins of virus infected cells ; inhibit viruses binding. released when cell has virus ; alarms threat
Interferon
resets heat regulation
pyrogens
inhibits the release of iron & zinc from liver & spleen
High temperatures
recognizes against particular foreign substances
antigen specifc
2 types of acquired immunity
Natural & Acquired immunity
Types of Immunity
Humoral (b cells)
Cellular (t cells)
uses antibody mediated immunity
produce chemicals for defense
Humoral immunity
haptens/incomplete antigens ; harmful respones & attack own cells
Allergies
cell-mediated immunity
target virus infected cells
Cellular immunity
vaccines and injections are
artificially acquired immunity
memory cells that can cause rapid response more stronger & longer lasting when pathogen enters again
secondary response
5 immunoglobulin classes
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgE
immunoglublin found in placental barrier
IgG
immunoglublin found in mucus
IgA
immunoglublin found in allergies
IgE
immunoglublin in activating B cell
IgD
Ways antibodies inactivate antigens
Complement fixation
Neutralization
Agglutination
Precipitation
antibody bind to bacterias
Neutralization
Antibody cross link antigen that clumps
Agglutination
antibody removal of body fluids
precipitation
t cells (clones)
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Suppressor T cells
killing infected cells ; inserts perforin
Cytotoxic cells
recruit other cells to fight invaders
helper t cells
release chemicals; STOP IMMUNE RESPONSE
Suppressor T cells
Types of graft
Autografts
Isografts
Allografts
Xenografts
tissue transplanted from one site to another on same person
Autograft
tissue graft from identical person/twin
Isografts
tissue taken from unrelated person
Allografts
production of immune cells are abnormal ; include AIDS
Immunodeficiencies
inefficient lymphocyte programming
Self tolerance breakdown
