Respiration - Alternative Fuels For Glucose

Question 1

Alternative Fuels For glucose + order

Answer 1

1)Glycogen, same structure as a-glucose, go through entire process of respiration

2)Lipids - Can go through glycolysis + Krebs cycle

3)Protein - Only go through Krebs cycle + release waste = uses energy

Question 2

2 main grouping of alternate pathways

Answer 2

Glycogenolysis - conversion of glycogen stored in cells to glucose

Gluconeogenesis - Conversion of non-carbohydrate chemical

Question 3

Glycogenolysis - Glycogen

Answer 3

Glycogen hydrolyse by glucagon in liver, muscle cells or adipose tissue - release A-glucose
-basically whole process of respiration

Question 4

Gluconeogenesis - Lipids

Answer 4

Hydrolysed by lipase:
Glycerol - convert to triose phosphate (glycerol has 3 carbon) enter glycolysis

Fatty acids - Split into individual 2 carbon compound molecule, convert to acetate -> acetyl CoA enters start of Krebs cycle
-Amount can differ based on fatty acids hydrocarbon tail

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis- protein (deamination)

Answer 5

Protease hydrolysed into amino acids

1) Amino group delaminated in liver

2) NH2 -> NH3 (Ammonia)
3)NH3+ CO2 -> Urea

4) Travel to kidney + dissolve in water = urine to be excreted

Question 6

Gluconeogenesis - Protein (Respiration process)

Answer 6

After amino group removed, leave organic acid left.
-Go to any intermediates (stages) of Krebs cycle

Depends on R group

Question 7

Why deamination necessary + why can it be considered as a excretory + respiration process

Answer 7

Excretory
To remove amino group (toxic) and excrete via kidney as urine

Respiration
Organic acid remain, enter Krebs cycle to generate hydrogen for ATP synthase + ATP