Importance Of ATP

Question 1

Uses of ATP

Answer 1

Movement - Flagellum, muscle contraction
Active transport
Body temp

Question 2

Structure of ATP

Answer 2

Adenine (2 rings) —Ribose sugar—— 3 phosphates
Phosphate negative charged, unstable bond

Question 3

Why is ATP a universal currency

Answer 3

Is is synthesised by all organism for all metabolic reaction

Question 4

Exogonic + Endogonic reaction

Answer 4

Exogonic- bond of 2nd + 3rd phosphate hydrolysed
>water + energy released, ADP
Endogonic - bond of 2nd + 3rd i phosphate form condensation

Question 5

How much energy does ATP release

Answer 5

30.6KJ mol -1

Question 6

Why ATP better than glucose

Answer 6

-Single reaction, 1 enzyme needed + quick
-Not released too much energy, less waste as heat etc
-Cell withstand energy not die + controlled
-Less enzyme needed = less energy

Question 7

How does ADP gain energy

Answer 7

Respiration: o2 + sugar > water + co2 + energy
Photosynthesis: light > energy
Both exogonic reaction

Question 8

Where and how ATP is used

Answer 8

-Alongside internal membrane of mitochondria + chloroplasts by ATP synthase (enzyme) condensation
-Hydrolysed by ATPase at where it’s needed

Question 9

Structure of mitochondria

Answer 9

https://www.meresearch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Mitochondrion.png

Matrix - Where respiration happens

Cristae/ inner membrane - Where ATP synthase and electrons transport chain located + separate matrix + intermembrane space

Intermembrane space - Abundant of H+ located

Outer membrane - Seprate organelle from cytoplasm

Question 10

Chemiosmosis - How ATP is synthesised

Answer 10

1)H+ / ions enter channel protein via facilitated diffusion from intermembrane space to matrix from high to low conc. gradient.

2)H+ travelling generates energy for ATP synthase to turn, 3 H+ needed for enzyme to turn and form ATP from ADP + Pi.

3)Electron attract to positive charge of electron membrane transport (ETC) on cristae and move to it.

4)H+ attract to negative charged electron, + move to it to ETC.

5)ETC + H+ positive, so H+ repelled to intermembrane space.

Question 11

Diagram of chemiosmosis

Answer 11

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