Ecology - Ecosystem Pyrimids + Succession

Question 1

Types of ecosystem pyrimid

Answer 1

Number - number of species that in different tropic group (producer, primary, secondary producer)

Biomass - organic material available for next trophic level (measured in weight eg grams)

Energy - amount of energy available for the next trophic level (measure in kcal or other energy unit)

Question 2

Number pyramid adv+ Disadv

Answer 2

Adv: easy to count and compare
Disadv: does not address the amount of biomass or energy available (trees have large biomass but less in numbers), does not show flow of energy decreasing up the pyramid

Question 3

Number pyramid diagram

Answer 3

https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/in//wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/09/fc-pic.png

Question 4

Biomass pyramid adv + Disadv

Answer 4

Adv: take into account of amount of organic compound available for consumption, include dead + living

Disadv: difficult to calculate, assume all species of same population have same biomass (baby + adult), assume all biomass is available for consumption (bone)

Question 5

Biomass pyramid diagram

Answer 5

https://biologynotesonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/biomass.webp?ezimgfmt=rs:378x198/rscb1/ngcb1/notWebP

Question 6

Energy pyramid adv + Disadv

Answer 6

Adv: accurately represent energy flow in ecosystem (decrease as pyramid go up), accounts for energy loss (respiration)

Disadv: difficult to obtain need to burn it to get energy release, ethics need to kill organism, assume all energy is available for transfer (roots of plant)

Question 7

Energy pyramid diagram

Answer 7

https://cdn.britannica.com/00/95200-004-3B810E62.jpg

Question 8

What is succession

Answer 8

Gradual changes in environment that allow for future organism to thrive

Question 9

Primary succession

Answer 9

-take place on land with no life (sand, rock)
-undergo multiple succession stages called seres due to a dominant species emerge

Such as:
1) pioneer species (lichen) break down environment to grow soil
2)mosses grow form soil
3)grass grows
4)plants grow
5) trees grow (climax community)

Climax community - end point of succession as habitat does not need to change anymore, can sustain other species

Most grass at start is xerophyte, no soil to maintain water

Question 10

Secondary succession

Answer 10

-happens in area previously has life (forest set on fire, abandoned building)

-soil, seed, spore already available in ground
-success stages become faster than primary

Question 11

Deflected succession

Answer 11

Human intervention to prevent area to reach climax community

-grazing from animals in field, mown in school