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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Air in….

A

More oxygen, less CO2, same nitrogen

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2
Q

Air out….

A

Less oxygen, more CO2, same nitrogen, more water vapour

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3
Q

What is respiration

A

The breaking down of food molecules to realise the stored chemical energy that they contain

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4
Q

Where does respiration occur

A

In all cells of our body

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5
Q

What is the energy in ATP used for

A

Contraction of muscle cells
Active transport of molecules and ions
Building large molecules
Cell division

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6
Q

Aerobic equation

A

Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

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7
Q

What happens in aerobic respiration

A

Each step is catalysed by a different enzyme

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8
Q

What is ATP

A

Molecule called adenosine attached to 3 phosphate groups

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9
Q

What happens when ATP is broken down

A

Chemical energy is released and can be used to drive metabolic processes

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10
Q

Anaerobic equation

A

Glucose - ethanol + CO2 (+ some energy)

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11
Q

What happens during exercise

A

Level of lactate rises

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12
Q

What happens after exercise

A

Lactate is repaired aerobically in mitochondria

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13
Q

What is oxygen debt

A

The volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactate that guide up in the body during anaerobic respiration

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14
Q

What is one of the byproducts of burning glycogen

A

Lactic acid

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15
Q

What is ventilation

A

The process by which air is constantly moved into and out of the kings

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16
Q

What is inspiration

A

When air is forced into the alveoli because the pressure of the atmosphere is greater than the pressure inside the lungs

17
Q

What is expiration

A

When air is forced out of the alveoli because the pressure of the atmosphere is lower than the pressure inside the lungs

18
Q

What happens when we inhale

A

Our diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, meaning an increase of volume and decrease of pressure occurs

19
Q

What happens if a person smokes

A

The volume of their lungs increases a lot more than a person who doesn’t smoke - smokers cannot fully exhale eventually

20
Q

Inhalation

A

Ribs move up and outward, increase in volume - decrease in pressure

21
Q

Exhalation

A

Ribs move down and inward

Sternum moves downwards and backwards

22
Q

Adaptions of alveoli

A

Large SA:V, more space for diffusion
Short diffusion distance - 1 cell thick
Maintain concentration gradient - breathing, extensive blood supply
Moist

Biology (20 decks)

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