Respiration Flashcards
Air in….
More oxygen, less CO2, same nitrogen
Air out….
Less oxygen, more CO2, same nitrogen, more water vapour
What is respiration
The breaking down of food molecules to realise the stored chemical energy that they contain
Where does respiration occur
In all cells of our body
What is the energy in ATP used for
Contraction of muscle cells
Active transport of molecules and ions
Building large molecules
Cell division
Aerobic equation
Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What happens in aerobic respiration
Each step is catalysed by a different enzyme
What is ATP
Molecule called adenosine attached to 3 phosphate groups
What happens when ATP is broken down
Chemical energy is released and can be used to drive metabolic processes
Anaerobic equation
Glucose - ethanol + CO2 (+ some energy)
What happens during exercise
Level of lactate rises
What happens after exercise
Lactate is repaired aerobically in mitochondria
What is oxygen debt
The volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactate that guide up in the body during anaerobic respiration
What is one of the byproducts of burning glycogen
Lactic acid
What is ventilation
The process by which air is constantly moved into and out of the kings
What is inspiration
When air is forced into the alveoli because the pressure of the atmosphere is greater than the pressure inside the lungs
What is expiration
When air is forced out of the alveoli because the pressure of the atmosphere is lower than the pressure inside the lungs
What happens when we inhale
Our diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, meaning an increase of volume and decrease of pressure occurs
What happens if a person smokes
The volume of their lungs increases a lot more than a person who doesn’t smoke - smokers cannot fully exhale eventually
Inhalation
Ribs move up and outward, increase in volume - decrease in pressure
Exhalation
Ribs move down and inward
Sternum moves downwards and backwards
Adaptions of alveoli
Large SA:V, more space for diffusion
Short diffusion distance - 1 cell thick
Maintain concentration gradient - breathing, extensive blood supply
Moist
