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Biology > DNA Key Words > Flashcards

DNA Key Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus

A

The control centre of the cell that contains DNA or RNA

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

A threadlike, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. It contains hereditary material

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3
Q

Gene

A

A strand of DNA that codes for a certain polypeptide

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4
Q

Homologous pair

A

A pair of chromosomes one from each parents that have relatively similar structures and gene values

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5
Q

Purine

A

Made up of the organic bases guanine and adenine. These are longer molecules

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6
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Made up of the organic bases thymine and cytosine. These are the shorter molecules

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7
Q

Adenine

A

In the purine group
Longer molecule
Only bonds with thymine in a A=T bond (double hydrogen)

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8
Q

Guanine

A

Purine group
Longer molecule
Onto bond with cytosine in a triple hydrogen bond

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

Pyrimidine group
Shorter molecule
Only bonds with guanine in a triple hydrogen bond

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10
Q

Thymine

A

Pyrimidine group
Shorter molecule
Only bonds with adenine T=A (double hydrogen bond)

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11
Q

DNA

A

A series of nucleotides joined together in a double helix
Inherited from parents
Order of bases controls gene expression

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12
Q

Organic base

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

A building block of DNA consisting of 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a organic base and a phosphate group

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14
Q

Phosphate group

A

The back bone of the ribose sugar (2 phosphate groups sit either side of one ribose sugar)

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15
Q

Ribose sugar

A

Sits in between 2 phosphate groups

It’s a pentose sugar

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16
Q

Histone

A

A protein molecule that DNA wraps around in order to make it more compact

17
Q

Chromatid

A

Half of a chromosome (one of 2 identical parts of a chromosome)

18
Q

Centromere

A

The centre of a chromosome that holds 2 chromatids together

19
Q

Locus

A

Location of the gene on the chromotid

20
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell/organism

21
Q

Dominant

A

A gene which expresses itself more strongly all by itself than any other version of the gene which the person is carrying

22
Q

Recessive

A

Only expressed when the determining gene is in the homozygous condition

Biology (20 decks)

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