Digestive System

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

Digestion begins here
Teeth mechanically break down large food particles to small
Ingestion of food

Question 2

Salivary glands

Answer 2

Saliva contains the enzyme analyse (starch to maltose)
Lubricates food
Protects teeth against bacteria

Question 3

Epiglottis

Answer 3

Used to seal off the windpipe during consumption of food

Question 4

Oesophagus

Answer 4

Connects the mouth to stomach

Completes peristalsis

Question 5

What is peristalsis

Answer 5

An involuntary wave of muscular contraction that moves the boils along the alimentary canal

Question 6

Liver

Answer 6

Produces bile (dark green fluid which neutralises acids and emulsified lipids )
Detoxifies chemicals

Question 7

Stomach

Answer 7

Contain pepsin (protease) - breaks down proteins 
Contains hydrochloride acid to kill bacteria

Question 8

Gallbladder

Answer 8

Stores and concentrates bike

When a hormone is released, this signals the gallbladder to contract and discharge bile into the small intestine

Question 9

Pancreas

Answer 9

Contains pancreatic amylase which produces glucose
Makes trypsin
Lipase = lipids into fatty acids
Contains specialised cells that produce insulin (regulates blood sugar)

Question 10

Small intestine

Answer 10

Made up of 3 parts - the duodenum, illeum and jejunum

Question 11

Illeum

Answer 11

Absorption of food molecules into the bloodstream

Question 12

Duodenum

Answer 12

Where food comes into contact with bile

Question 13

What do the folds do

Answer 13

Increase the surface area

Question 14

What do villi do

Answer 14

Help absorb digested food
1 cell thick (short diffusion distance)
Extensive blood supply (helps maintain a concentration gradient)
Lacteal (absorbs glycerol and fatty acids)
Microvilli (increases surface area)

Question 15

Large intestine

Answer 15

Takes the remains of digested food and prepares it for excretion

Caecum colon and rectum

Question 16

Rectum

Answer 16

Store and realises faecus to Amy’s by contracting

Question 17

What is assimilation

Answer 17

The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are then used (becoming part of the cells)

Question 18

What is digestion

Answer 18

The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small, water soluble molecules using chemical and mechanical processes

Question 19

What is ingestion

Answer 19

The process of taking in food

Question 20

What is absorption

Answer 20

The movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph

Question 21

What is egestion

Answer 21

Involves the material not passing through the cells whereas excretion does

Question 22

How is the small intestine adapted for diffusion

Answer 22

Large internal surface area for absorption to happen quickly + efficiently
Folds increase the surface area
Contain villi - 1 cell thick (short diffusion distance)
- extensive blood supply (helps maintain a concentration gradient)
- lacteal ( transports fatty acids and glycerol away from the SI)
Villi contains microvilli - further increases surface area